2023-2024 Tax Brackets and Federal Income Tax Rates There are seven federal income tax brackets. Here's what they are, how they work and how they affect you. There are seven federal tax brackets for the 2023 tax year: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37%. Your bracket depends on your taxable income and filing status. These are the rates for taxes due in April 2023. Tax brackets and rates for the 2023 tax year, as well as for 2022 and previous years, are elsewhere on this page. 2023 Federal Income Tax Brackets (for taxes due in April 2022 or in October 2022 with an extension ) Single filers Married, filing jointly Married, filing separately Head of household 2022 Federal Income Tax Brackets (for taxes due in April 2023) Single filers Married, filing jointly Married, filing separately Head of household How tax brackets work The United States has a progressive tax system, meaning people with higher taxable incomes pay higher federal income tax rates. Being "in" a tax bracket doesn't mean you pay that federal income tax rate on everything you make. The progressive tax system means that people with higher taxable incomes are subject to higher federal income tax rates, and people with lower taxable incomes are subject to lower federal income tax rates. The government decides how much tax you owe by dividing your taxable income into chunks — also known as tax brackets — and each chunk gets taxed at the corresponding tax rate. The beauty of this is that no matter which bracket you’re in, you won’t pay that tax rate on your entire income. The percentage of your taxable income that you pay in taxes is called your effective tax rate. To determine effective tax rate, divide your total tax owed (line 16) on Form 1040 by your total taxable income (line 15). Example #1: Let’s say you’re a single filer with $32,000 in taxable income. That puts you in the 12% tax bracket in 2021. But do you pay 12% on all $32,000? No. Actually, you pay only 10% on the first $9,950; you pay 12% on the rest. (Look at the tax brackets above to see the breakout.) Example #2: If you had $50,000 of taxable income, you’d pay 10% on that first $9,950 and 12% on the chunk of income between $9,951 and $40,525. And then you’d pay 22% on the rest because some of your $50,000 of taxable income falls into the 22% tax bracket. The total bill would be about $6,800 — about 14% of your taxable income, even though you're in the 22% bracket. That 14% is your effective tax rate. That's the deal only for federal income taxes. Your state might have different brackets, a flat income tax or no income tax at all. What is a marginal tax rate? The term "marginal tax rate" refers to the tax rate paid on your last dollar of taxable income. This typically equates to your highest tax bracket. For example, if you're a single filer with $30,000 of taxable income, you would be in the 12% tax bracket. If your taxable income went up by $1, you would pay 12% on that extra dollar too. If you had $41,000 of taxable income, however, most of it would still fall within the 12% bracket, but the last few hundred dollars would land in the 22% tax bracket. Your marginal tax rate would then be 22%. How to get into a lower tax bracket and pay a lower federal income tax rate Two common ways of reducing your tax bill are credits and deductions. Tax credits can reduce your tax bill on a dollar-for-dollar basis; they don't affect what bracket you're in. Tax deductions, on the other hand, reduce how much of your income is subject to taxes. Generally, deductions lower your taxable income by the percentage of your highest federal income tax bracket. So if you fall into the 22% tax bracket, a $1,000 deduction could save you $220. In other words: Take all the tax deductions you can claim — they can reduce your taxable income and could kick you to a lower bracket, which means you pay a lower tax rate. Failing to order your affairs to minimize your tax burden could cost you significant money - so don't wait to take action. If you have additional questions or need some planning help, please reach out to us.

Going to an office is no longer a requirement of conducting business in the age of the internet, cell phones, Skype and GoTo meetings. UNLOCKING the Missed Deductions of a Home Office Small-business owners should not miss the benefit of a home office deduction out of fear of a tax audit. Going to an office is no longer a requirement of conducting business in the age of the internet, cell phones, Skype and GoTo meetings. This means an increasing number of small-business owners are working from home, and eligible to claim a home office deduction. When Properly implemented, this deduction can make a significant difference in your tax liability. WHAT CONSTITUTES A HOME OFFICE? In order to claim a deduction for a home office the IRS requires that a designated space be used exclusively and regularly for business. Going to an office is no longer a requirement of conducting business in the age of the internet, cell phones, Skype and GoTo meetings. Exclusively used for business means it cannot ever be used for personal reasons during the tax year, this includes any type of storage for personal items. Although the office is to be used only for business, the tax code does not mandate that it be a separate room, it can be part of a room - walls are not a requirement. The office must also be used on a regular basis for business. HOW TO DEDUCT EXPENSES FOR THE HOME OFFICE There are two different methods you can use to claim a home office deduction, the actual expense method and the simplified method. ACTUAL EXPENSE METHOD The actual expense method allows you to deduct all direct expenses and a portion of any indirect expenses. Direct expenses are any expenses incurred specifically for the home office, such as painting the office or putting in new carpet. Indirect expenses include any expenses incurred for the home such as mortgage interest, property taxes and utilities. To claim these indirect expenses you need to determine the portion of the expenses that relate to the home office. This can be calculated by dividing the square footage of the office by the square footage of the house. You can also claim depreciation or a rent deduction for the part of the home used for business purposes. On the downside, when you sell the home any depreciation taken needs to be recaptured. This can be an unpleasant surprise come tax time. When using the actual expense method, detailed records and supporting documentation must be kept for all expenses. SIMPLIFIED METHOD If you prefer not to maintain records of these expenses, you can still take a home office deduction using the simplified method. The simplified method is calculated by simply multiplying the square footage of the office by $5 per square foot (up to 300 sq. ft.). The advantage to this method is the IRS does not require you to keep any records that are required by the actual expense method. The main drawback of the simplified method is that you will not be able to deduct your actual expenses if they exceed the allowance of the simplified method. The best solution is to keep track of all of your expenses and then determine at the end of the year which method will provide the greater deduction. MILEAGE Regular commuting to and from work is not a deductible expense, however travel between your primary office located in your home to your second office is classified as business miles that are deductible. This does not mean that you can set up a "home office" to deduct your regular commuting miles. It means that if your home office is where you conduct the majority of your business, you can deduct any mileage to a secondary location. Setting up a home office can potentially create several thousands of dollars in deductible mileage each year. TAKE AWAY Even the smallest home office can unlock significant deductions if the expenses are properly accounted for using either the actual or simplified method. It is very important that the space be used exclusively for business purposes.

Quarterly: Oct 17 Patientia, The Not-So-Secret Sauce ”Repetitio est mater studiorum” is a Latin proverb that says “Repetition is the mother of learning.” We are going to repeat a theme from the past because one of the biggest mistakes made by investors has the simplest of fixes. If one were to study the traits that John Templeton, Warren Buffet, Benjamin Graham or Ray Dalio shared (or continue to share) in common, they would find that each of them employed (or continue to employ) a disciplined process for identifying market opportunities. Each of them put their capital to work in areas where they believed they had an edge or in areas where they had a reasonable level of conviction that the market was mispricing assets. And each of them were patient with their capital, knowing that the monetization of market mispricing can take time (see Three Marks of Great Investors ). Warren Buffet’s comment that “the stock market is a device for transferring money from the impatient to the patient” sums up his perspective on the value of being disciplined when seeking to harvest superior returns. The challenge with patient investing is that it’s easier said than done. That’s because it’s a perfectly normal response for people to avoid pain. If you have a headache, you take an aspirin, or drink some water. You respond with an action to reduce the pain. The simplest way for investors to avoid short-term pain is to exit the investment strategies that are underperforming, but that is the type of behavior that ultimately leads to underperformance. In looking at Callan’s Periodic Table of Investment Returns, we can observe the bottom to top movements of both low-risk and high-risk asset classes from 1998 to 2017. Click Here for a full-scale view of Callan’s Periodic Table of Investment Returns from 1998 to 2017 In 1998 and 1999 the Russell 2000 Value Index (the light blue box in the bottom left corner) was at the bottom of the pack for two years in a row and then moved to the top of the pack in 2000 and 2001. But how many investors had the discipline to stay in small-cap-value-land when it underperformed the S&P 500 by a cumulative 63% in 1998 and 1999? Or which investors had the discipline to remain in "low-risk" bonds (green boxes at the bottom, left of center) from 2003 to 2007 (when they were the worst performing asset class in four of those five years) to hold onto the only asset class that had a positive return in 2008? Which investors pulled out of "high-risk" emerging market equities (orange boxes) after any one of the six bottom-of-the-pack years, causing them to miss out any one of the nine years that EM was the top performing asset class? (see How Intelligent Investors Use Fear To Their Advantage ) We are not saying that the Barclay’s Aggregate, or the Russell 2000 Value or Emerging Markets are the path to outperformance. We are simply saying that the only investors who benefited from exposure to these asset classes were the ones who had the conviction to remain after periods of significant underperformance. Investment strategies that deliver superior long-term returns require investors to be incredibly patient, disciplined, and indifferent to short-term performance. That’s because the seasons of underperformance drive away demand by pushing away the impatient investors, making things more attractive on a relative basis, and act as the build-up to the seasons of outperformance. While this is easy to comprehend, it is much more challenging to execute. Without strict discipline, and a deep understanding of how and why alpha-producing strategies generate their returns, even seasoned investors will want to pull out of a strategy after two or three years of under-performance. It is these seasons of under-performance however, that effectively create the risk premium that patient investors capture when they keep their eyes fixed long-term. As long as investors continue to chase short-term performance, there will be opportunities for disciplined, process-driven investors to harvest superior long-term returns. If you are still wondering about the title, "Patienta" is Latin for "Patience!"

The Big Picture

PRIVACY POLICY This Privacy Policy governs the manner in which Monotelo Advisors collects, uses, maintains and discloses information collected from users (each, a “User”) of the monotelo.com website (“Site”). This privacy policy applies to the Site and all services offered by Monotelo Advisors. PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION We may collect personal identification information from Users in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, when Users visit our site, register on the site, subscribe to the newsletter and in connection with other activities, services, features or resources we make available on our Site. Users may be asked for, as appropriate, name, email address, mailing address, phone number, etc. Users may, however, visit our Site anonymously. We will collect personal identification information from Users only if they voluntarily submit such information to us. Users can always refuse to supply personal identification information, except that it may prevent them from engaging in certain Site related activities. NON-PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION We may collect non-personal identification information about Users whenever they interact with our Site. Non-personal identification information may include the browser name, the type of computer and technical information about Users means of connection to our Site, such as the operating system and the Internet service provider’s utilized and other similar information. WEB BROWSER COOKIES Our Site may use “cookies” to enhance User experience. User’s web browser places cookies on their hard drive for record-keeping purposes and sometimes to track information about them. User may choose to set their web browser to refuse cookies, or to alert you when cookies are being sent. If they do so, note that some parts of the Site may not function properly. HOW WE USE COLLECTED INFORMATION Monotelo Advisors collects and uses Users personal information for the following purposes: To improve customer service. Your information helps us to more effectively respond to your customer service requests and support needs. To improve our Site. We continually strive to improve our website offerings based on the information and feedback we receive from you. To administer a content, promotion, survey or other Site feature. To send Users information they agreed to receive about topics we think will be of interest to them. To send periodic emails The email address Users provide may be used to respond to their inquiries, and/or other requests or questions. If User decides to opt-in to our mailing list, they will receive emails that may include company news, updates, related service information, etc. If at any time the User would like to unsubscribe from receiving future emails, we include detailed unsubscribe instructions at the bottom of each email or User may contact us via our Site. HOW WE PROTECT YOUR INFORMATION We adopt appropriate data collection, storage and processing practices and security measures to protect against unauthorized access, alteration, disclosure or destruction of your personal information, username, password, transaction information and data stored on our Site. Sensitive and private data exchange between the Site and its Users happens over a SSL secured communication channel and is encrypted and protected with digital signatures. SHARING YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION We do not sell, trade, or rent Users personal identification information to others. We may share generic aggregated demographic information not linked to any personal identification information regarding visitors and users with our business partners, trusted affiliates and advertisers for the purposes outlined above. We may use third party service providers to help us operate our business and the Site or administer activities on our behalf, such as sending out newsletters or surveys. We may share your information with these third parties for those limited purposes provided that you have given us your permission. CHANGES TO THIS PRIVACY POLICY Monotelo Advisors has the discretion to update this privacy policy at any time. When we do, the revised date will be added at the bottom of this page. We encourage Users to frequently check this page for any changes to stay informed about how we are helping to protect the personal information we collect. You acknowledge and agree that it is your responsibility to review this privacy policy periodically and become aware of modifications. YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS By using this Site, you signify your acceptance of this policy and terms of service. If you do not agree to this policy, please do not use our Site. Your continued use of the Site following the posting of changes to this policy will be deemed your acceptance of those changes. CONTACTING US If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, the practices of this site, or your dealings with this site, please contact us at: Monotelo Advisors www.monotelo.com info@monotelo.com

November 2019 SMALL BUSINESS TIPS Quarterly: Oct 17 Five Year-End Business Deductions As we approach the end of the year, your business may be slowing down as you prepare for the upcoming holidays. If that is the case, now is a good time to analyze your business’ performance in 2019 and consider pushing some additional expenses into the last month of the year to minimize your 2019 tax burden. We have identified five strategies you can use to minimize your 2019 tax bill. Please note that the year-end strategies we are discussing involve pulling expenses from 2020 into the end of 2019 to reduce your current year tax bill. This will increase your tax liability in the future. This strategy will make sense for you if 2019 was a particularly high-income year and you are expecting lower income in 2020 or if you are expecting other significant business deductions in 2020 to make up for the deduction pushed into 2019. Prepay Business Expenses If you operate your business on a cash basis then you have the option of prepaying certain expenses up to 12 months in advance and capturing the tax deduction immediately. These qualifying expenses include lease payments on business vehicles, rent on office space or machinery and insurance premiums. For example: If your rent for your office is $1500 per month you can send your landlord a check for $18,000 in December to cover all of your 2020 rent. If you send the check on December 31st but your landlord does not receive it till January 3 then you can deduct the expense in 2019 when the check was sent, but your landlord does not need to report the income until 2020 when it was received. Stop Billing Customers Your customers are unlikely to pay you until they are billed. If you have a successful December you can wait to bill some of your customers until January in order to push some of your December revenues into 2020. Buy Office Equipment The tax law currently allows you to fully write off the purchase of eligible business equipment in the year that you purchase it, instead of being required to depreciate it over a number of years. If you are in need of a new computer, office furniture or specialized equipment for your business, you can take advantage of this 100% depreciation to reduce your 2019 taxes. Use Your Credit Cards If you make a purchase with your credit card before the end of the year you can expense that purchase in 2019 even if the credit card bill is not paid until 2020. This allows you to move up expenses that you otherwise may not have purchased until January. If your business is a single-member LLC or a sole proprietorship then you can deduct the expense whether the credit card is in your personal name or the name of the business. If you operate your business as a corporation and the credit card is in your personal name you will need to reimburse yourself before the end of the year. If the credit card is in the name of the corporation you do not need to reimburse yourself. Save For Retirement As a small-business owner, you have the potential to put up to $56,000 away for retirement each year depending on the type of retirement account you have set up and the income of your business. If you do not have a retirement plan set up for your business you can still set up a SEP IRA or a 401k before December 31st and make pretax contributions to reduce your 2019 tax bill. Summary Each of the strategies we have outlined will help you reduce your 2019 tax bill at the cost of paying more taxes in future years. Depending on your specific situation it may make more sense to defer taxes today and pay them in a future year. For guidance on if you should be moving taxes into later years or paying them now, reach out to us to set up a tax-planning call. Schedule Your Tax-Planning Call Previous Article

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Want to file your taxes early? Filing Your Tax Return Early Could Boost Your Next Stimulus Check There are a number of reasons to file your tax return early this year. A quicker refund and reduced risk of tax identity theft are at the top of the list for most people… and for some people, a larger stimulus check! So who should file early and who should wait to file in April? The answer to that question depends on whether there were changes to your family or financial situation last year. That's because the next stimulus check will be based on your 2019 tax return or your 2020 return. And the return that was most recently filed when the IRS starts processing your stimulus payment will likely be the one that they use to determine your benefits. When the IRS calculates the amount of your next stimulus check, they will review your tax filing status, the number of dependents, and your adjusted gross income (your AGI). That information will come from your 2019 or your 2020 tax return. If you file early, they will likely pull that information from your 2020 return. If you file later, they will most likely pull that info from your 2019 return. And that dynamic gives you a little more control over your next stimulus check. The IRS started accepting tax returns last week. The two-week delay in accepting tax returns was due to some unexpected programming that was required after the second round of stimulus checks were authorized. If Congress passes President Biden’s $1.9 trillion budget reconciliation bill, that plan is likely to authorize another round of stimulus checks. Based on most estimates, the IRS is not likely to start processing third-round stimulus checks until the second week of March (or later!). If you expect your 2020 tax return to drive a higher stimulus payment, then you may want to file your 2020 return as soon as possible. That way there's time for it to be processed before the IRS starts sending out stimulus payments. So what things might cause a higher stimulus payment? The following changes might drive a larger stimulus payment from your 2020 tax return: THREE REASONS TO FILE YOUR TAXES EARLY You were married in 2020 You had a baby in 2020 You were claimed as a dependent on a 2019 tax return, but not on anyone's 2020 return Your income was lower in 2020 than it was in 2019 And who might consider waiting to file their 2020 tax return? If your income was higher in 2020 than it was in 2019, you may want to wait until April to file your tax return. If you had a death in your family in 2020, and you have fewer dependents on your 2020 tax return, you may want to wait to file your tax return. If you are losing the ability to claim your child as a dependent due to their age in 2020, you may want to consider waiting to file your tax return. If you got divorced in 2020 the best path is less straightforward. There are several factors that could impact whether you should file early or wait. For additional questions, please reach out to us at info@monotelo.com or call us at 800-961-0298. START YOUR 2020 TAX RETURN Upload your doc's online, and start your return from home. Get started Failing to order your affairs to minimize your tax burden could cost you significant money - so don't wait to take action. If you have additional questions or need some planning help, please reach out to us.

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Five Year-End Business Deductions Schedule Your Tax Planning Call Read "Staying Out of the 'Danger Zone' of the New Small-Business Deduction"

Quarterly: Oct 17

Whether you are just starting out, or are a seasoned veteran, you need someone who will work with you to ensure that you are set up for success. Small Business At Monotelo we start every relationship with a tax conversation. We work hard to free up cash flow by helping you minimize your federal tax liability. That's because every dollar you pay the federal government is one less dollar available for you to reinvest back into your business, or one less dollar available for you to reinvest into your future. Learn More This video provides a brief summary on how we reduce the tax liability for our small business owners. Why Monotelo? Tax Tips and Strategies Strategies that you can implement in your small business to simplify the filing process while reducing your tax burden. How We Work With Clients The biggest enemy to the accumulation of wealth is the 23-43% cut the government is going to take on your income. That is why we start every relationship with a tax conversation. Monotelo White Papers Read about some of our previous cases, the challenges we faced, and the solutions we developed to help our clients make better financial decisions.