Quarterly: Oct 17 Profiting From the Failure of Active Managers If you were to Google “Active vs Passive Management” you would see a multitude of articles debating the value of high-fee active managers verses low-fee passive ETF sponsors. Instead of sharing our two cents on the fee debate, we would rather spend our time addressing the failure of the models behind most active managers and how to profit from their mistakes. The reason most active managers fail to outperform their benchmarks is not simply due to their higher fee structure. They fail because they fail to recognize that the markets are random. In their refusal to recognize the “randomness” of the markets, they put their trust in their “expert” ability to predict the future, but the future is not predictable because the markets are random. That is why Tamco spends zero effort attempting to predict which companies will grow earnings next year. Why spend resources in an attempt to predict something that is unpredictable? Rather than basing our stock selection on a model that tries to predict the future, we buy stocks based on their characteristics at the time of purchase. As an example, let’s take the earnings trends of BlueCo and RedCo (below). If these two companies existed today, BlueCo is likely to trade at a high valuation while RedCo is likely to trade at a low valuation. And the difference between these valuations will be driven by the “experts” and their assumptions about the future earnings of these two companies. But academic studies have shown that experts are very bad at predicting the future and historical trends tend to revert back to their mean. This principle is called “Reversion to the Mean.” So the primary focus of our analysis is on the data point of today. What do these companies look like today? What are their current earnings? What are they currently doing with their free cash flow? And how does their valuation compare with other opportunities in the marketplace? Because today’s earnings and today’s capital allocation decisions give us the best insight into what these two companies will look like tomorrow; and the probability of their earnings reverting back to the mean is higher than most would think. This type of analysis not only keeps us from overpaying for BlueCo, it also helps us identify the opportunity with RedCo; because there is a reasonable probability that each of these companies will end up with similar earnings and similar valuations over time. And the valuations are likely to be somewhere between where they are each priced today.

The SECURE Act was signed into law by President Trump in December and went into effect on January 1st of this year. The new law was intended to expand opportunities for individuals to increase their retirement savings, but also brings about some significant changes to retirement and financial planning. Here are the two most important changes along with six notable provisions that you should know about regarding the SECURE Act: 1) Increased Access to Retirement Plans for Small Business Owners and 2) The Elimination of the Stretch IRA. 1. Increased Access To Retirement Plans For Small Business Owners: The SECURE Act expands the ability for small businesses to offer retirement plans because it allows small-businesses to pool resources with other small businesses to offer 401(k) plans at lower costs. This piece of the legislation could help more small businesses take advantage of employer-sponsored plans. This is good policy. If you are a small business owner, we encourage you to reach out to us to see how this may affect your business. 2. Elimination Of The Stretch IRA: One of the biggest changes from the Secure Act comes from the elimination of the “stretch” IRA on inherited retirement accounts. This means that younger beneficiaries can no longer stretch the distributions over their lifetime, but now must distribute the entire account within 10 years of the account owner’s death. This does not apply to spouses who inherit their deceased spouse’s IRA or minor children of a deceased account owner. The elimination of the stretch provision presents significant changes, including the need to review current estate plans to avoid unintended consequences. This change may require you to look at other options for giving retirement accounts to your beneficiaries. Roth Conversions, life insurance and charitable trusts may now look a lot more attractive in light of the new laws. In addition to what we just shared, there are six notable provisions from the new law: 1. Age Limit Removed For IRA Contributions: There is no longer an age cap on contributions to a traditional IRA. Before the SECURE Act, there was an age cap of 70 ½ for contributing to a traditional IRA. Individuals who continue to work can now continue to save for retirement in an IRA, regardless of their age, as long as they have earned income. 2. Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) Age Extended to 72: The SECURE Act delays RMDs from retirement accounts until age 72 (up from 70½). Anyone who is over 70½ must continue taking RMDs. For those under 70 ½. this extension basically means that investors have a longer time horizon to keep their investments tax-deferred in their IRAs… and this has direct implications on how you should be investing your taxable assets to produce income in retirement. 3. Penalty-Free Withdrawals For New Parents: The SECURE Act now allows new parents to pull up to $5,000 from their retirement plans penalty-free, if they do it within a year of the birth of a child or adoption. Income taxes will still apply to any withdrawals from a traditional retirement account, but this provision allows new parents to pull money from their retirement plan to pay for some of those first-year child expenses and not incur any penalties. 4. Student Loan Repayment Through 529 Savings Plans: Individuals can now withdraw up to $10,000 from 529 savings plans to make student loan payments. This is a small step forward in helping Americans manage the growing costs of college education by empowering the 529 plan with one more tool to help students. 5. Retirement Plan Conversion To A Lifetime Annuity: Retirement accounts can now be converted to a lifetime annuity. Essentially, this piece of the legislation gives investors the ability to lay off their longevity risk onto an insurance company who will gladly take on that risk for a healthy annual premium that they collect from investors. This is good in that it gives investors another option, but it also puts them at risk of being taken advantage of by insurance companies. 6. Lifetime Income Disclosure For Defined Contribution Plans: Employers are now required to disclose to employees the amount of sustainable monthly income their balance could support in their 401(k) statements. This is not a big deal, but it could be a helpful resource for investors as they look for guidance on how to prepare for retirement. If you take away anything from this article, take away this: The Secure Act has essentially pushed you to review your retirement and estate plans to make sure they take advantage of the good provisions of the new law while employing strategies to mitigate the bad provisions of the new law. If you have additional questions, or need help putting together a holistic plan that takes the Secure Act into account, please reach out to Monotelo Advisors at 800-961-0298. WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW About The SECURE Act Read more articles Failing to order your affairs to minimize your tax burden could cost you significant money - so don't wait to take action. If you have additional questions or need some planning help, please reach out to us.

SMALL BUSINESS TIPS Small Business Tips Deducting 100% of your Business Meals In the past, the tax deduction for business-related meals has generally been limited to 50% of the cost of the meal. However, to help the restaurant industry recover from the Covid-19 pandemic, the relief bill signed into law at the end of last year temporarily increased the business meal deduction to 100% for tax years 2021 and 2022. This means that you can now fully deduct the cost of your business meals provided they meet a few requirements. What Qualifies as a Business Meal? The first step is to make sure your meal qualifies as a business expense. Deductible business meals include: Meals for yourself while out of town on a qualified business trip. Note that you cannot deduct your own meals while working unless you are either out of town on an overnight business trip or meeting with a potential business associate. To substantiate your meal as a qualified business expense you should save the receipt as well as document who you met with or the purpose of your out-of-town trip. Meals shared between you and a person with whom you could reasonably expect to engage in business activity, such as a customer, supplier, employee, partner, or professional advisor. How Do You Qualify for the 100% Deduction? In the past, the tax deduction for business-related meals has generally been limited to 50% of the cost of the meal. However, to help the restaurant industry recover from the Covid-19 pandemic, the relief bill signed into law at the end of last year temporarily increased the business meal deduction to 100% for tax years 2021 and 2022. This means that you can now fully deduct the cost of your business meals provided they meet a few requirements. What Doesn't Qualify for 100% Deduction? Businesses that are not qualified restaurants include any that primarily sell pre-packaged food or beverages not for immediate consumption, including: Grocery Store Specialty Food Store Liquor Store Drug Store Convenience Store News Stand Vending Machine Meals purchased from any of the places mentioned above would still be limited to the 50% deduction. If you choose to use federal per diem rates to deduct your meals during business trips or to reimburse your employees for business meals, you are also limited to the regular 50% deduction. To qualify for the 100% deduction you must use the actual cost of the meals. Read More Articles Summary Business meals have traditionally been a sore spot for business owners due to the limited tax benefits relative to other business expenses. With this temporary increase you can now fully deduct your business meals as long as they are a qualified business expense and are provided by a qualified restaurant.

JULY 2017 MONOTELO QUARTERLY AVOID THE HEADACHES and Penalties Associated with 1099 Reporting When a small business hires an employee, there are a number of expenses that are incurred in addition to the hourly wage. This could include the employer-provided benefits, office space, along with the technology and other tools required to do the job. The employer will also have to make required payments and contributions on behalf of employees, including: The employer's share of the employee's Social Security and Medicare taxes, which totals 7.65% of the employee's compensation State unemployment compensation Workers' compensation insurance Depending upon the industry, the additional contributions could increase your payroll costs by 20% to 30% - or more. You can avoid these expenses by hiring an independent contractor to do the same work. The additional contributions could increase your payroll costs by 20% to 30% - or more. However, there are certain requirements that must be followed in order to avoid the headaches and penalties associated with 1099 reporting. WHAT AND WHEN DO I HAVE TO FILE? Businesses are required to report all income to the IRS for its employees and any independent contractors. For employees, a W-2 is required to be filed. Independent contractors on the other hand, get a little more complex. To make matters worse, congress recently passed the Path Act, and moved up the filing deadline for W-2's and certain 1099's. The required date to provide W-2's and 1099's to employees and independent contractors is January 31. The deadline for submitting these forms to the government is also January 31. THREE STRATEGIES TO AVOID 1099 HEADACHES The easiest way to avoid the penalties, and filing headaches caused by issuing 1099's to independent contractors is to structure your business activities to minimize the number you must issue, and prepare them in advance, if you do have to issue them. STRATEGY #1: Choose contractors that operate as corporations. Your business is not required to issue 1099's for payments made to corporations, S corporations, or LLC's that elect corporate status for tax purposes (unless the corporation collects attorney fees or payments for health and medical services). STRATEGY #2: Make payments to independent contractors with a credit card, or a third-party payment network like PayPal. Shift the burden of reporting this income to the credit card company or the third-party network. They are required to report the payments on Form 1099-K. STRATEGY #3: Require the independent contractor to provide you with a W-9 upfront before making any payments to them. Here are the benefits: You will know if a 1099 filing is required, because their business type is disclosed on the W-9. You will know whether an LLC is classified as a corporation for federal tax purposes, and excluded from 1099 reporting. By getting the W-9 upfront, it eliminates the need to chase the contractor down for the required information if you need to file a 1099. Once the contractor is paid, your leverage for getting the information is gone. If an independent contractor refuses to provide you with a taxpayer identification number (TIN), and you pay the contractor more than $600 during the calendar year, then you are required to withhold federal income tax on payments made to that contractor. If you do not withhold, your business owes the tax, and it is on you to prove the contractor paid the tax. January 2017 Save as PDF October 2017

Charitable giving increases at the end of the year. If you are making donations keep these guidelines in mind to get your full tax benefit. Making The Most Of Your Charitable Donations As we approach the holidays you are most likely busy planning visits to family or getting ready for your holiday shopping. You are also likely planning to give some of your money or property to charity. Many charitable organizations report that they receive a majority of their donations in the last three months of the year. With this in mind, we want to share with you some simple guidelines to be aware of to make sure that you are properly rewarded for your generosity come tax season. There are two different types of donations that you can deduct on your tax return, donations made with cash, and donations made with non-cash items such as clothing, furniture, or food. DONATIONS MADE BY CASH Once you have determined that the organization you have chosen meets the five basic guidelines, you need to make sure that you have proof of your donation. This can be accomplished with one of the following: A receipt or other written document from the organization, showing the name of the organization, the date of the contribution, and the amount of the contribution A cancelled check or credit card receipt that shows the name of the organization, the date of the contribution, and the amount of the contribution. Keep in mind that you can also donate to most governments within the United States, if you ever feel inclined to pay more in taxes. (In which case we may not be the firm for you) NONCASH DONATIONS Noncash donations typically involve dropping off outgrown clothes or unwanted furniture at your local Goodwill or Salvation Army. The guidelines for determining if noncash donations to an organization are the same as the guidelines for cash donations. To determine the amount of a deduction you can claim for your noncash donations you need to know the Fair Market Value of the items. The Fair Market Value is the amount you could reasonably expect to receive if you sold the item instead of donating it. If you need help determining the value of your items, you can use Goodwill's Valuation Guide . When you make a donation to Goodwill or a similar charity, you should make sure you receive a receipt and keep a record of the items that you donate. This will ensure that you can take the tax deduction to which you are entitled. FIVE BASIC GUIDELINES to keep in mind when determining which donations are deductible: 1. Donations must be made to a corporation, trust, community chest, fund, or foundation. This means that donations to an individual, or a group of individuals is not deductible. For example, donating to a group of doctors who are going to the Philippines to provide medical care is not deductible, but donating to an organization that will send doctors to the Philippines is deductible. 2. The organization must be created or organized in the United States. The organization can still operate overseas, as long as it is based domestically. 3. It must operate for religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or education purposes, for the promotion of amateur sports, or for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals. 4. It must not operate for the profit of a private shareholder or individual 5.It must not engage in political lobbying Through the internet, it is easier than ever to give money to those in need. Most charitable organizations now have a website where you can donate online. This surge in online donations has led many to donate smaller amounts to various organizations, rather than one large donation to a specific organization. While this provides donors the freedom to give to the cause they most believe in, it has also blurred the lines between what is a tax-deductible donation, and what is not. To help determine which donations are deductible, see the center box. Read more articles Failing to order your affairs to minimize your tax burden could cost you significant money - so don't wait to take action. If you have additional questions or need some planning help, please reach out to us.

Social unrest, unemployment, COVID 19, the election… there are a multitude of items we could address in our October update. While there are a multitude of things we could address, I want to focus today’s discussion on the bond market. The reason why I want to focus on bonds is because bonds play a critical role in running a balanced portfolio. The inverse relationship that stocks and bonds have experienced in the past has allowed investors to structure portfolios with higher levels of stability. That’s because bonds have historically acted as a shock absorber. When stocks were down, bonds were usually up and when stocks were up, bonds were oftentimes down. However, the “shock absorber” role that bonds have played to offset stock market risk can no longer be relied upon, so this requires a major shift in our thinking. Executive Summary With stock market valuations near all-time highs, the risk of a stock market correction is heightened. The fixed income side of a balanced portfolio (the bonds) will no longer provide protection against a correction in the equity markets. Declining rates have removed most of the income from bond portfolios and have added significant risks if rates were to rise. Bonds (and “balanced portfolios” that hold bonds) may face significant headwinds in the future. Finding solutions to this real problem is key to achieving your long-term goals. What’s Changed? As global interest rates have declined over the past 12 months, the search for income has become incredibly challenging. We believe that one of the biggest sources of protection to the traditional 60/40 portfolio (60% stocks, 40% bonds), has now become a risk. A 40% allocation to a mixture of Treasury bonds and high-quality corporate bonds has historically served investors well. That’s because bonds were effective at creating income, providing a diversified source of return and providing capital preservation in times of uncertainty. But we believe core fixed income is not equipped to meet these goals going forward. After four decades of declining interest rates and the massive fiscal and monetary response to the health crisis, rates are hovering near zero throughout the world. Not only do low rates rob investors of needed income, the historic assumption that bonds will provide a form of protection is no longer valid. Income If you search for income in today’s bond market, prepare for a long, unfruitful journey. Domestic and global bond indices yield between .6% and 1.2% across the globe. Where exactly is the income in core fixed income? Rates have steadily declined for the past few decades, but have significantly declined over the past 12 months — and there is little room left for rates to fall much further Rates have been falling for nearly four decades, but the collapse in interest rates over the last 12 months have left little room for rates to fall much further. The end result is that bond prices have a limited capacity to rise. Not only is there little room for bond prices to rise, there is tremendous room for bond prices to fall, especially if interest rates rise in the future. In the interest of full disclosure, rising interest rates in the near term is not a major concern of ours. We are simply stating that there is significant downside risk with little upside reward. This can be observed by the chart below. If rates rise, all the return that was recently captured by the bond market from price appreciation (the black area), is likely to be given back by price depreciation. Interest rates can do three things in the future. They can go up. They can go down. Or they can stay the same. If rates stay the same, we collect a paltry 1% yield on our bond portfolio and our bond prices remain stable. If interest rates go down, we collect the 1% yield with a small amount of price appreciation (because rates cannot fall very far from 1% unless they go negative). And if they go up, we collect our 1% yield, but we are subject to significant risk of price declines. Not a whole lot of upside, but quite a bit of downside risk! Unlike stocks, which theoretically have unlimited upside potential, bond returns are capped by the amount of interest income they produce over the life of the investment. For example: If you bought a 10-year treasury with a 5% yield back in 2000, your bond would produce 50% income over the 10-year life of the bond (10 years of coupon payments * 5% yield = 50%). If rates were to go to zero, your bond would go from a price of par (100) to 150. It could not go above the 150 unless rates went below zero. If you bought a 10-year treasury bond in today’s world at a 1% yield, and interest rates dropped to zero tomorrow, your 10-year treasury would now be worth 110 (1% yield for 10 years in a 0% interest rate environment = 10 points of price appreciation). Your bond could not go above 110 unless interest rates dropped below zero. If instead of rates falling, rates began rising, that price change we just described would turn into price depreciation. And bond prices have way more room to move down rather than up when you are beginning at a 1% yield. That is why bonds have higher levels of risk today than ever before. But it’s not just bonds that have increased sensitivity to interest rates. The performance of the tech and consumer discretionary sectors have also benefitted from our low-rate environment. These sectors now make up a much larger portion of the overall market, and that means that equity portfolios may also be sensitive to rising interest rates. Diversification Bonds have been a pretty effective hedging tool against past stock market corrections. When equity markets experienced signs of turmoil, central banks generally stepped in to lower rates, and bond prices responded positively to the new, lower interest rates. We believe that this relationship can no longer be relied upon, because there’s very little room to lower rates further. That means one of the most-valuable diversification benefits of holding bonds is severely diminished. Inflation It’s very difficult to accurately predict future inflation, but we can say this: if inflation were to resurface, bonds will not do well. The paltry income will not offset the purchasing power risk, and bond prices will decline when interest rates rise. In Summary With interest rates near zero, the upside of holding bonds is low, and the downside of holding bonds is high. The one reason to hold high-quality bonds in today’s environment is that they will be one of the few assets to hold their value if we see another significant equity market correction. In times of uncertainty, high-quality bonds will always be the preferred asset. While that is a very good reason to hold bonds, the other risks of holding a traditional bond portfolio have become too great to ignore. Not only has income diminished significantly from a traditional bond portfolio, bonds may no longer provide the needed buffer during times of economic turmoil and they face greater downside risk in scenarios when interest rates rise. If core fixed income is no longer able to serve the role it has played in the past, investors will need to use different approaches to accomplish their goals. If you would like to explore options that can help reduce the risks we mentioned here, register for our November webinar or schedule a no-obligation 20-minute strategy call and we can provide more insight into potential solutions. Read more articles THE HIGH RISK OF OWNING BONDS TODAY Failing to order your affairs to minimize your tax burden could cost you significant money - so don't wait to take action. If you have additional questions or need some planning help, please reach out to us.

THE IMPACT OF YOUR PENSION On Your Social Security Benefits Many public sector workers do not pay into Social Security because they pay into a separate state or local pension fund. Since Social Security benefits are based on the Social Security wages earned during working years, public-sector workers who do not pay into Social Security will not be eligible for Social Security benefits at retirement. There are other public sector workers however, who have paid into the Social Security pool because they work second jobs or began working in the public sector later in life or retired and began a second career. Public sector workers who have paid into Social Security can qualify for benefits on top of their pension, but those benefits may be reduced based on the number of years they paid into Social Security. How Are Social Security Benefits Calculated? Social Security benefits are based on your average wages for your 35 highest earning years. If you pay into Social Security for 29 years, your benefits will be calculated using the 29 working years plus 6 years of zero wages. Your annual wages are also adjusted for inflation to prevent your early earning years from hurting your benefits. After adjusting for inflation and averaging your 35 highest years, your annual wages are divided by 12 to produce your Average Indexed Monthly Earnings (AIME). Your monthly benefits are calculated using 3 percentage brackets of your AIME: 90% of the first $926 of AIME, 32% of the next $4,657 of AIME and 15% of AIME after that. Example: If you work for 35 years and have average adjusted wages of $72,000 per year, your Social Security benefit calculation will use $6,000 for your Average Indexed Monthly Earnings and calculate your benefits as follows: $926 x 90% = $833.40 + $4,657 x 32% = $1,490.24 + $417 x 15% = $62.55_____ $6,000 = $2,386.19 monthly benefits How Your Pension May Limit Your Social Security Benefits If you receive a pension from an employer that does not withhold Social Security taxes, your benefits may be reduced by the Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP). This provision reduces monthly benefits by reducing the first bracket benefits from 90% down to 40% in 5% increments depending on the number of years worked. If you paid into Social Security for at least 30 years with "substantial earnings," then the WEP limitation will not apply. But if you paid in for less than 30 years of substantial earnings the first bracket percentage will be reduced by 5% for each year under 30 until it bottoms out at 40% for 20 years of contributions. This limitation can reduce your base Social Security benefits by as much as $5,500 per year. Example: To demonstrate how this limitation reduces your benefits we have calculated the monthly benefits you would receive if your AIME was $6,000 under two scenarios: 1) where you have 30 years of substantial Social Security wages and 2) where you only have 20 years of substantial Social Security wages: The lower percentage applied to the first $926 of wages when the WEP limitation applies reduces your benefits by $463 per month or $5,556 per year. What Can You Do to Eliminate the Pension Penalty? The Equal Treatment of Public Servants Act of 2019 was recently introduced in congress to repeal the WEP limitations by replacing them with a new formula that treats public servants more favorably. With the bill’s future uncertain, we want to focus on steps you can take right now. The first step in the process is to determine your Social Security benefits by creating an account at www.ssa.gov . This account will allow you to view your estimated benefits based on your prior work history. Be aware that the estimates provided by the Social Security Administration will not account for any WEP limitation that may apply to you. After you find your estimated benefits you will need to subtract $46.30 per month for every year short of the 30-year window of substantial earnings. If you are more than 10 years short of the 30 year mark, only subtract amounts for the first 10 years that you are short. If you are short of the 30-year threshold, you may want to consider working a few extra years at a part-time job or starting a new career at retirement. These additional years of contributions will not only increase your potential Social Security benefit, they will also decrease the limitation put on those benefits by the Windfall Elimination Provision. What Constitutes "Substantial Earnings" Substantial Earnings are a separate calculation from the calculation of year paid into Social Security. To qualify for a year’s worth of Social Security earnings, you only need to earn $5,880 of wages. To qualify for substantial earnings, you need a total of 26,550 of wages subject to Social Security. The table below will show the substantial earnings test. To discuss this further, please reach out to one of our team members at (847) 923-9015. Save as PDF Read More Articles Failing to order your affairs to minimize your tax burden could cost you significant money - so don't wait to take action. If you have additional questions or need some planning help, please reach out to us.

SMALL BUSINESS TIPS DEDUCT YOUR MEDICAL EXPENSES BY HIRING YOUR SPOUSE What Business Types Qualify? This option is available to you if you operate your business as one of the following: A sole proprietorship A partnership (provided your spouse is not a partner in the business) An LLC taxed as a sole proprietorship or partnership A real estate rental business A farm business If your business is organized as an S-Corporation than this option will not be available to you. While insurance premiums and out-of-pocket medical expenses can be deducted as itemized deductions , the limitations placed on those deductions make it difficult to realize any actual benefit. However, if you operate your own business, you may be able to get around these limitations by hiring your spouse and paying them through tax-free fringe benefits, including reimbursing them for medical expenses and insurance premiums. How Does This Work? Hire Your Spouse: Your spouse needs to be operating as a real employee for the business, performing services at your direction that benefit the business. Your spouse should not be a co-owner of the business and should not have any title in the business assets or control over the business bank account. To substantiate their role as an employee your spouse should keep a timesheet to document the hours that they worked and the tasks that they completed. Don’t Pay Cash Wages: If you pay your spouse cash wages for working in your business you are simply moving money around without creating any tax savings. In fact, you are likely increasing your tax burden by converting qualified business income to non-qualified wage income. Instead of paying them cash wages you can compensate them through tax-free employee benefits which can provide you with a sizeable tax break and avoid the need to file payroll tax returns. Establish a Medical Reimbursement Arrangement: A medical reimbursement arrangement allows you to compensate your spouse for their work by reimbursing out-of-pocket medical expenses and health insurance premiums. This provides the business with tax-deductible compensation expenses and tax-free income to your spouse. If your spouse is your only employee, you can easily establish a 105-HRA plan to reimburse them for their medical expenses by signing an agreement between yourself and your spouse. If you have additional employees you will need to establish an ICHRA plan, which has additional requirements. If you have multiple employees and want to establish a medical reimbursement arrangement, please reach out to us for more guidance. To qualify the insurance premiums for reimbursement your spouse should purchase a health insurance plan in their name that covers the entire family (including you). Then you, as the employer, reimburse your spouse for the premiums. The reimbursement arrangement can also be used to reimburse your spouse for any out-of-pocket expenses that the insurance doesn’t cover, including deductibles, copays, and prescriptions for your entire family. Pay a Reasonable Amount: To make sure the employee benefits you pay your spouse can withstand IRS scrutiny, make sure that the amount they are compensated is reasonable for the work that they are performing. A good rule of thumb is not to compensate your spouse more than you would compensate someone else for those same services. Consider Other Fringe Benefits: While health insurance and medical expenses are typically the largest items you can provide to your spouse as employee benefits, there are other benefits that you may also be able to provide: Education. You can reimburse your spouse for job-related education expenses Life Insurance. You can provide your employees with up to $50,000 in group term life insurance coverage Working Condition Fringe Benefits. You can reimburse your spouse employee for expenses that help them do their job. For example, you can reimburse the cost of a cell phone they use for work and they are not required to track how much of their phone use is for business. Summary Hiring your spouse to work for your business can provide some meaningful tax benefits by allowing you to deduct personal expenses that otherwise would not be deductible. To qualify for these deductions, you need to follow some simple guidelines: make sure your spouse is operating as your bona fide employee establish a formal medical reimbursement arrangement compensate fairly for the services provided If you would like assistance establishing a medical reimbursement plan for your spouse or other employees, please give us a call.

With only a few weeks left in 2019, now is a great time to review your personal situation and consider any year-end adjustments to minimize your short and long-term tax liability. We have identified six year-end planning strategies you can use to minimize your tax burden. Maximize Your Retirement Account Contributions If you have a 401(k), 403(b) or 457 retirement account you can contribute up to $19,000 ($25,000 if you are over the age of 50) for 2019. Contributions to any of these plans must be made before January 1st to apply to 2019. You can also contribute up to $6000 ($7000 if you are over the age of 50) to a traditional or Roth IRA for 2019 depending on your income. Contributions to traditional or Roth IRAs can be made up until April 15th of next year and still be applied to your 2019 contributions. If you qualify for a Health Savings Account you should max out your contributions to the HSA before making further contributions to your other retirement accounts. This is because HSAs allow for a tax deduction for your contributions, tax-free growth of the assets in your account, and tax-free distributions when used for medical expenses. With significant medical expenses almost guaranteed later in life, an HSA combines the best of both traditional and Roth retirement accounts. For more on HSAs read “Six Myths About Health Savings Accounts ” Take Advantage of Tax-Free Capital Gains If your taxable income is below $39,375 ($78,750 if you file a joint return) then your long-term capital gains tax rate is 0%. If your taxable income is below these thresholds and you own stocks or other investments that have appreciated in value you can take advantage of this 0% tax rate to sell your investment without paying any federal income taxes. If the sale of your investment pushes your taxable income above the thresholds for the 0% bracket you will pay 15% on the amounts above the threshold but will not pay taxes on the amount up to the threshold. While capital gains below these income thresholds are tax-free, the proceeds from the sales will still increase your taxable income for the calculation of certain tax credits such as the premium tax credit for health insurance. If you are currently receiving the premium tax credit, selling your investments could reduce the amount of the credit that you qualify for. Set Up a Donor Advised Fund The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act doubled the standard deduction while also limiting or removing various itemized deductions. As a result of these changes a much greater percentage of taxpayers will be taking the standard deduction between now and 2025 when the tax cuts expire. This also means that meaningful charitable donations may have little impact on your tax return. This is because a much larger portion of your charitable deduction is being used to reach the standard deduction threshold before you can realize any tax savings. One way you can work around this new limitation is to set up a donor advised fund. With a donor advised fund you can make a large contribution to the fund in one year and then make donations out of the fund to your charities of choice over the course of several years. With a donor advised fund you get a tax deduction in the year you contribute to the fund, regardless of when the fund distributes money to a charity. For example, if you typically give $5,000 each year to your church you can instead contribute $15,000 now to a donor advised fund and then pay $5,000 out of the fund each year for the next 3 years and then refill the fund at the end of the 3rd year. By bunching your contributions into every 3rd year you can prevent the bulk of your charitable donations from being absorbed by the standard deduction threshold. Consider a Roth Conversion Contributing to a traditional IRA or 401(k) provides tax savings today by pushing the tax liability into your retirement years. This strategy can make sense when you are likely to be in a lower tax bracket in retirement. But with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, we are currently in one of the lowest tax environments our country has seen in decades. With that in mind there is no guarantee that you will be in a lower tax bracket at retirement. And with our national debt growing at an accelerating pace you could be in a higher tax bracket when you retire even if your income is lower than it is today. With higher tax rates likely in the future, you may want to consider converting some of your 401(k) or traditional IRA funds into a Roth IRA, paying taxes now in today's low tax environment in order to realize tax-free distributions later in retirement. You can convert your traditional IRA into a Roth IRA even if you are above the income limit to make a normal contribution to a Roth IRA. You will also not be subject to the 10% early withdrawal penalty you would otherwise face when taking early distributions from a traditional IRA. Take out Your Required Minimum Distributions Once you turn 70 ½ you are required to take a minimum amount out of your traditional IRA, 401(k) or other retirement account each year based on your age and the balance of the account. Roth IRAs are the sole exception to RMDs. The IRS provides a worksheet to calculate the amount of your Required Minimum Distributions . Failure to take out the RMDs will result in a 50% tax on the amount that was not taken out. In the year that you turn 70 ½ the deadline to take your RMDs is April 1 of the following year. Each year after that the deadline is December 31 of that year. If you are over the age of 70 ½ you should take the time to review your RMDs and make sure you have taken enough out to avoid these substantial penalties. Use Your RMDs to Make Your Charitable Donations Once you turn 70 ½ you can begin making charitable donations directly out of your traditional IRA. When you make a charitable donation directly from your IRA you will not pay any income taxes on the distribution. This will allow you to fully deduct your charitable donations even if you do not itemize your deductions. You can also use qualified charitable donations to satisfy your required minimum distributions. Summary December is a great time to review your financial situation and determine if there are any year-end adjustments you should make, as there should be very few income surprises between now and year-end. Taking the time to review your situation and applying some of the strategies we just shared could help you significantly reduce your short and long-term tax liabilities. YEAR-END TAX PLANNING STRATEGIES Read more articles Failing to order your affairs to minimize your tax burden could cost you significant money - so don't wait to take action. If you have additional questions or need some planning help, please reach out to us.

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WHAT WILL HAPPEN When Social Security Runs Out? At the end of August 2021, a new report was released that showed Social Security is projected to run out of money in 2033, one year earlier than previous calculations. With that deadline only 12 years away it is likely to impact everyone who is not already enrolled in Social Security as well as many who are. What will happen when the fund runs out? You may have heard that benefits will stop being paid once the fund runs out, but that is not likely to happen. We have laid out some of the changes that are likely to be made to Social Security over the next 12 years or after the fund runs out around 2033. Reduced Benefits If no changes are made before the fund runs out, the most likely result will be a reduction in the benefits that are paid out. If the only funds available to Social Security in 2033 are the current wage taxes being paid in, the administration would still be able to pay around 75% of promised benefits. While a 25% reduction in benefits could significantly hurt the retirement plans of those who are relying on their Social Security benefits, it is far less damaging than the program being shut down entirely. With the potential for benefits to be reduced, some retirees may be tempted to apply for their benefits early to receive as much as they can before the fund runs out. However, if you start taking your benefits as soon as allowed, they will be reduced to 70% of your full-retirement age benefit. Comparing this to the 75% that could be received even after the fund runs out, you would still be hurting your retirement by applying early. Increased Wage Taxes To avoid benefit reductions, congress may vote to increase the Social Security taxes charged on employee wages. If the increase were put in place immediately, the employee portion of the tax would need to increase from 6.2% to 8%. This would represent an additional $900 in taxes paid annually for an employee making $50,000 per year. Another proposal in wage taxes that has become popular in recent years is an additional tax on high earners. Rather than increasing the social security tax of 6.2% on all payers, this would implement a new tax on wage income above $400,000 to help stabilize the social security fund. Increased Full Retirement Age Even if the fund does not run out, the full retirement age needed to receive your full Social Security benefit is likely to go up in the future as life expectancies increase. Since the Social Security program was first started the average life expectancy has increased 7 years and yet the full age retirement for Social Security has only increased 2 years. As the fund begins to run out, it is likely that the full retirement age will be raised even further, along with harsher benefit cuts for those who apply early. Summary While Social Security benefits are unlikely to be completely eliminated 12 years from now, there is a strong possibility that they will be reduced significantly if revenues are not increased in the next few years. To make sure that your retirement plan is secure, you should analyze your retirement income stream under the assumption that your Social Security benefits will be reduced and determine what changes need to be made if that happens. Schedule a Meeting to Learn More Failing to order your affairs to minimize your tax burden could cost you significant money - so don't wait to take action. If you have additional questions or need some planning help, please reach out to us.

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