JULY 2017 MONOTELO QUARTERLY AVOID THE HEADACHES and Penalties Associated with 1099 Reporting When a small business hires an employee, there are a number of expenses that are incurred in addition to the hourly wage. This could include the employer-provided benefits, office space, along with the technology and other tools required to do the job. The employer will also have to make required payments and contributions on behalf of employees, including: The employer's share of the employee's Social Security and Medicare taxes, which totals 7.65% of the employee's compensation State unemployment compensation Workers' compensation insurance Depending upon the industry, the additional contributions could increase your payroll costs by 20% to 30% - or more. You can avoid these expenses by hiring an independent contractor to do the same work. The additional contributions could increase your payroll costs by 20% to 30% - or more. However, there are certain requirements that must be followed in order to avoid the headaches and penalties associated with 1099 reporting. WHAT AND WHEN DO I HAVE TO FILE? Businesses are required to report all income to the IRS for its employees and any independent contractors. For employees, a W-2 is required to be filed. Independent contractors on the other hand, get a little more complex. To make matters worse, congress recently passed the Path Act, and moved up the filing deadline for W-2's and certain 1099's. The required date to provide W-2's and 1099's to employees and independent contractors is January 31. The deadline for submitting these forms to the government is also January 31. THREE STRATEGIES TO AVOID 1099 HEADACHES The easiest way to avoid the penalties, and filing headaches caused by issuing 1099's to independent contractors is to structure your business activities to minimize the number you must issue, and prepare them in advance, if you do have to issue them. STRATEGY #1: Choose contractors that operate as corporations. Your business is not required to issue 1099's for payments made to corporations, S corporations, or LLC's that elect corporate status for tax purposes (unless the corporation collects attorney fees or payments for health and medical services). STRATEGY #2: Make payments to independent contractors with a credit card, or a third-party payment network like PayPal. Shift the burden of reporting this income to the credit card company or the third-party network. They are required to report the payments on Form 1099-K. STRATEGY #3: Require the independent contractor to provide you with a W-9 upfront before making any payments to them. Here are the benefits: You will know if a 1099 filing is required, because their business type is disclosed on the W-9. You will know whether an LLC is classified as a corporation for federal tax purposes, and excluded from 1099 reporting. By getting the W-9 upfront, it eliminates the need to chase the contractor down for the required information if you need to file a 1099. Once the contractor is paid, your leverage for getting the information is gone. If an independent contractor refuses to provide you with a taxpayer identification number (TIN), and you pay the contractor more than $600 during the calendar year, then you are required to withhold federal income tax on payments made to that contractor. If you do not withhold, your business owes the tax, and it is on you to prove the contractor paid the tax. January 2017 Save as PDF October 2017

July 2019 SMALL BUSINESS TIPS Quarterly: Oct 17 Deducting the Business Use of Your Vehicle If you operate a small business and you drive regularly for that business you have two choices: you can either drive your personal vehicle and reimburse yourself for the business portion of the associated costs, or you can transfer the vehicle to the business and pay all of the associated costs directly from the business. Which of these options you choose depends on the vehicle and how you use it within the business. There are no inherent tax benefits to titling your vehicle into your business, in fact doing so limits your options in how you deduct the cost of that vehicle. However, when your vehicle is 100% business use then titling it to your company can simplify your record-keeping requirements and allow you to pay for your vehicle costs directly out of your business account. The first step to decide where you should place ownership of your vehicle is to determine which vehicle cost deduction method is more beneficial in your situation. Standard Mileage Rate vs Actual Expenses There are two primary methods for deducting the cost of using a vehicle for business purposes: The standard mileage rate method and the actual costs method. Standard Mileage With the standard mileage rate you can deduct a specific dollar amount for each business mile you drive during the year (for 2022 the standard rate is 58.5 cents per mile). The standard mileage rate is used more often since it only requires you to keep track of the miles you drive throughout the year and does not require records of any other expenses. However, the standard mileage rate can only be used for a vehicle that is in your personal name. If your vehicle is titled to your business, you are required to use the actual expense method.. Actual Expense With the actual expense method you can deduct your out of pocket costs for fuel, insurance, repairs, etc. You can also deduct the cost of the vehicle by depreciating it over its asset life (typically 5 years). The actual expense method requires much more thorough record-keeping. You need to keep track of each vehicle related expense throughout the year, and if you use the vehicle for both personal and business use then you also need to keep track of the total business and total personal miles for the year Choosing the Right Method If your vehicle title is in the name of your business you are required to use the actual expense method. However, if the title is in your personal name you can choose which method to use in the first year. You can switch methods in the following years, but there are additional restrictions to do so. It is in your best interest to take the time in the first year to determine which method will be more beneficial. The standard mileage rate method is intended to simplify record-keeping requirements while still providing for an accurate deduction for the cost of using your vehicle in your business. To that end, in many cases the standard mileage rate method should provide the same or greater tax benefits as the actual expense method. However, there are specific factors that can make the actual expense method more beneficial: Price of Car: Since you can deduct the cost of a car over several years with the actual expense method, a more expensive car increases the probability that the actual expense method will be more beneficial Fuel Efficiency: With the standard mileage rate you get the same deduction no matter how many miles you get per gallon, so a less efficient vehicle will eat away at a greater portion of your allowed deduction. Highway vs City: If you are driving primarily in a large city you are likely putting much fewer miles on your vehicle while still spending the same amount on car payments, insurance, etc. If any of these factors apply to your situation then you may receive a greater benefit through the actual expense method. It is also worth noting that under the actual expense method you will receive a greater tax benefit in the first few years while you are depreciating the cost of the vehicle. Once the vehicle is fully depreciated your deduction will drop significantly. Under the standard mileage method your deduction will be relatively consistent subject only to small changes in the standard rate each year. Summary If 100% of the use of your vehicle is for your business and you have large vehicle costs either from buying a newer car or driving mostly in the city, putting your vehicle title into your business can simplify your record-keeping requirements without sacrificing the benefits of the standard mileage rate method. If you use your vehicle for both personal and business needs or you drive an older vehicle with a low market value, you may want to keep it in your personal name to preserve the option to use the standard mileage rate. Previous Article Next Article

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JULY 2016 MONOTELO QUARTERLY ARE YOU PROTECTING YOURSELF From Your Corporate Income? While there are potential tax savings with a corporate structure in place, it is critical that the corporation be the entity that actually earned the income. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? A fundamental principle of tax law is that income is taxed to the entity who earns it; and any attempts to divert the income away from its true earner are not recognized by the IRS. AND WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? It means the corporation (not the business owner) must be the entity that contracts for the services that it will have you (the business owner) provide. It means the corporation needs to be the entity that gets paid (not the business owner) for the services provided. It means the corporation must have control over the income it receives. Once it receives the income, it can then direct it to the business owner via payroll or a shareholder distribution. WHAT ARE THE MAIN TAKEAWAYS HERE? If you have self-employment income, you should consider the potential tax benefits of a corporation At Monotelo, we believe that clients who have self-employment income should consider the potential benefits of structuring their business as a corporation. That is because a corporation can provide asset protection and potential tax benefits that are not available to the self-employed individual who files a Schedule C with their tax return. 1. Have your clients or customers write their check directly to the business. Do not accept checks written to you personally. A check made out to you and signed over to the business puts the business owner at risk of double taxation and penalties. 2. Have the corporation pay you a salary for the services you are providing to the corporation. 3. Make sure that all contracts and agreements with clients are between the client and the corporation, not between the client and the business owner. Save as PDF October 2016

By failing to plan ahead, you will find that most of your medical expenses are worthless on your tax return. With a little planning, you can prevent this. If you fail to plan ahead, you will struggle to claim your medical expenses as an itemized deduction when April 15th arrives. You will lose the ability to deduct the bulk of these expenses because they need to surpass 10% of your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) to be usable as an itemized deduction . This means that taxpayers who make $100,000 during the year will not be able to deduct the first $10,000 in medical expenses. That handicap essentially means you will not be able to deduct any medical expenses, unless you incur heavy medical bills in a single year. And if you are paying AMT (the Alternative Minimum Tax) - don't even think about it. When it comes time to pay your income tax bill, most Americans want to pay the lowest amount possible. One of the ways taxpayers seek to do this is by increasing the number of deductions they take on their tax return each year. So it's not surprising that one of the common questions we receive from our clients is whether or not they can deduct their medical expenses. While the simple answer is "yes," the reality for most taxpayers is "no." However, with a little planning, that answer can be "yes." If you fail to plan ahead, you will struggle to claim your medical expenses as an itemized deduction when April 15th arrives. You will lose the ability to deduct the bulk of these expenses because they need to surpass 10% of your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) to be usable as an itemized deduction . This means that taxpayers who make $100,000 during the year will not be able to deduct the first $10,000 in medical expenses. That handicap essentially means you will not be able to deduct any medical expenses, unless you incur heavy medical bills in a single year. And if you are paying AMT (the Alternative Minimum Tax) - don't even think about it. The best way to counteract this nasty little piece of the tax code is to set up an HSA (Health Savings Account) and contribute to it each year. When you contribute to an HSA you get the privilege of deducting the amount of your contributions from your income and you bypass the 10% threshold. You can do this even if you don't choose to itemize your deductions! And as an added bonus (do we sound like an infomercial?) - the money you put into your HSA, as well as the earnings of the account, can be taken out tax free as long as they are used for qualified medical expenses. While you cannot pay your health insurance premiums with funds from an HSA, you can pay most other medical expenses. Additionally, once you turn 65 you can use the HSA to pay your Medicare or other healthcare premiums. Requirements for an HSA In order to qualify for an HSA you must have a high-deductible health plan - defined as a healthcare plan with: 1 An annual deductible of at least $1,350 for individual coverage or at least $2,700 for family coverage. 2 Maximum annual out-of-pocket expenses of $6,750 for individual coverage and $13,500 for family coverage. Once you have your HSA set up you can contribute up to $3,500 per year for individual coverage and $7,000 for family coverage. If you are over the age of 55 you can contribute an additional $1,000 annually. Save as PDF Read More Articles Share Failing to order your affairs to minimize your tax burden could cost you significant money - so don't wait to take action. If you have additional questions or need some planning help, please reach out to us. Avoiding the 10% Threshold for Medical Expenses How do you setup an HSA? If your employer offers a high-deductible health plan, they should also give you the ability to contribute to an HSA. You can also open an account on your own through a qualified HSA provider, such as a bank or insurance company (go to www.hsasearch.com for a list of qualified HSA providers). What happens if you don't plan ahead? So what is the solution? Key Takeaways If you don't plan ahead and contribute to a Health Savings Account then you will find that most, if not all, of your medical expenses will be ineligible for a deduction due to the 10% threshold that must be met before deducting medical expenses. By setting up and contributing to a Health Savings Account you can deduct your full contribution to the account and have the flexibility to pay your medical bills with tax-free withdrawals from the account.

A 529 college savings plan or a Roth IRA can help you realize tax-free earnings to fund your child's college education. Save as PDF Read more articles Share 1 2 HOW TO SAVE HOW TO SAVE FOR YOUR CHILD'S COLLEGE EDUCATION The cost of a college education is rising by three to four percent a year, so it is never too early to start saving for your child’s future college tuition. Before you start saving however, make sure to consider the options that will maximize your savings while minimizing your tax burden. 529 Plans A 529 plan allows you to contribute to a tax-advantaged account in order to fund college tuition. While contributions to a 529 plan do not provide a federal tax deduction, you may qualify for a deduction on your state tax return for your contributions. Additionally, you can pull out your contributions and earnings from the account tax free when you use them for qualified education expenses. Qualified education expenses include tuition, fees, books, supplies, and equipment required for enrollment. If your child is enrolled at least half-time (6 or more credit hours per semester), room and board are also considered to be qualified expenses. 529 plans come in two varieties: Prepaid tuition plans and college savings plans. Prepaid Tuition Plan With a prepaid tuition plan you can pay for your child’s tuition ahead of time, based on the current rates. For example, if your child is 8 and one year of qualifying college tuition is $10,000 today, you can contribute $10,000 to the fund today and your child’s first year of tuition will be fully covered when they start college in ten years - regardless of the cost of tuition at that time. You are not required to prepay a full year at once, you can pay into the fund over multiple years but each year the required amount will increase. With a prepaid tuition program, you do not need to worry about how well the fund is performing, or about tuition costs. The fund bears the risk, not you. College Savings Plan A college savings plan operates more like a traditional investment account such as an IRA or 401K. You contribute funds to the plan that grow over the years until you are ready to withdraw them to cover education expenses. While a college savings plan does not provide the same guarantee as a prepaid tuition plan, it provides more flexibility on how the funds are used. It also has the potential to provide a greater return on investment than the prepaid tuition plan where earnings of the account will be no greater than the rise in tuition cost. Roth IRA as a Last Resort If your child is about to enter college and you do not have a 529 plan in place to cover the tuition, you can pull funds from your Roth IRA without incurring the early penalties and taxes that you would normally face when taking early distributions. We caution against using a Roth IRA to cover your child’s college expenses, because the Roth IRA is one of your best retirement tools. It is however a valid option. If you choose to tap into your Roth IRA to cover education expenses you need to meet two requirements to avoid taxes on the distributions: Wait Five Years: You need to wait at least five years after first funding your Roth IRA before you withdraw any of the earnings of the account. Qualified Expenses: You must use the entire distribution for qualified education expenses. Be sure that you do not take out more than what is needed to cover these qualified expenses. Failure to meet these two requirements will result in you paying the normal tax rate on the earnings of your account, effectively eliminating the tax benefit of your Roth account. Additionally, you will pay a 10% early withdrawal penalty on any distributions that don’t meet these requirements. Takeaway A 529 plan provides a tax-efficient way to save for your child’s college education. A Roth IRA can also provide tax-efficient savings for education, but your goal should be to not touch your Roth until you retire. You should consider all the options with the following priorities: In an ideal world, you would first max out your Roth IRA contribution of $5,500 per year (if you are married your spouse can contribute another $5,500 per year to their Roth). You would then contribute to a 529 college savings or prepaid tuition plan. (You should not contribute to a 529 plan if you have not already maxed out your Roth IRA as the 529 Plan creates more restrictions). If you cannot contribute to a Roth IRA due to income limitations, you can still contribute to a 529 plan. Be sure to reach out to Monotelo if there are any questions about how to fund your children’s college education or the tax implications of an existing account. We are here to help you keep more of what you earn. Read more articles Share Failing to order your affairs to minimize your tax burden could cost you significant money - so don't wait to take action. If you have additional questions or need some planning help, please reach out to us.

WHITE PAPER INTRODUCTION Our 1-2-3 case involves a husband and wife client of ours who received an unpleasant surprise when they filed their 2017 tax return. The husband and wife are both public servants, between them they are earning $225K per year. On top of this they received another $40K in interest and trust income during 2017. Anticipating a large tax bill, they decided to purchase a rental property and use the expenses they incurred to offset some of their taxable income and reduce their tax bill. During the year they spent $40K on the property. Based on advice they received from coworkers as well as another accountant they consulted, they believed they would be able to deduct this entire $40K on their 2017 tax return. THE CHALLENGE Unfortunately, when they came to us we had to tell them that not only could they not deduct the full amount, they would not be able to deduct any of their expenses on their current year return. There were 3 reasons they could not deduct the $40K they had been led to believe they would be: Cap on Losses from Rental Properties. What this couple was not aware of when they decided to purchase this rental property to write off the expenses, is the $25K limit on rental property losses that can be deducted per year. This means that at least $15K of the $40K they spent would need to be carried forward to a future year. The only exception to this limit would be if one of them qualified as a real estate professional, which they do not as this property is the only activity they have in the real estate field. Capital Expenditures. A large portion of the $40K came from improvements to the property preparing it for rent. These expenses cannot be deducted in the year they are paid but must be capitalized and depreciated over the useful life of the property, in the case of a residential rental property 27.5 years. Income Limit on Passive Losses. The final nail in the coffin for this couple’s rental loss deduction is they failed to realize there is a phase-out threshold for passive losses. Once a married couple, filing a joint return, have adjusted gross income above $150,000 they cannot take a loss for passive activities. Instead those losses are carried forward to future years until their income drops below the phase-out threshold. THE SOLUTION This couple was understandably not happy when we informed them that they would not be able to deduct any of the expenses they had incurred on the property on their 2017 tax return. They explained to us that one of the primary drives behind their purchase of the property was the tax break they expected to receive. Had they consulted with us during the year before making this purchase we could have warned them they would not be able to realize any tax breaks in the short term from the property and could have provided them with some alternative methods to reduce their tax burden for the year. By maxing out their respective deferred compensation accounts they could have reduced their taxable income by $16,000. Contributing to a Health Savings Account could have further reduced their taxable income by $7000. By failing to consult with us before making this decision they missed 3 red flags that show they would not be able to reduce their taxable income by purchasing this property. To avoid missing your own red flags be sure to seek counsel from Monotelo Advisors before making major investment decisions. Save as PDF View More White Papers

Second Act Planning Retirement Readiness Course Join us for one of the following weeks where we review the steps to prepare and thrive in your "Second Act," where your retirement can be so much more than a life of leisure. Week 1: Highlight Your Passions, Skills, and Gifts. Famous baseball player Yogi Berra once said, “If you don’t know where you are going, you will end up somewhere else.” This course focuses on identifying your desired outcomes for the next phase of life and the preparation needed to get there. Topics include change/transition, articulation of personal values, and an understanding of your current and potential financial reality. Week 2: Engage Your Mind and Body According to Socrates, “the secret of change is to focus all of your energy not on fighting the old but on building the new.” This course focuses on how to optimize Social Security and Medicare to increase the security of your retirement years. We will also explore how to establish new physical, intellectual, emotional, and social habits for this next phase of life. Week 3: Reflect on Your External and Internal Codes Intellectual elite, Albert Einstein, once said the hardest thing in the world is to understand the income tax code. The course focuses on how to navigate the US tax code to your advantage with tax-efficient planning and tax-efficient retirement distributions. We will also address estate planning issues and end with an assessment of the internal codes (e.g., rules) that might be limiting all you are intended to be. Week 4: Originate Your Next Act Today American tennis groundbreaker, Arthur Ashe, said: “Start where you are, use what you have, do what you can.” This course focuses on investing what you have to generate a viable return for the future. Subjects discussed include investment risk/return, fixed-income security features, and articulation of the concepts that will inform your decisions in the future. To participate in one of the four classes, email Michael Baumeister at michael@monotelo.com and indicate which class you would like to be a part of, or submit the form below.

If your taxable income is between $315,000 and $415,000, you could be paying a higher tax rate than any other taxpayer. July 2018 MONOTELO QUARTERLY Quarterly: Oct 17 STAYING OUT OF THE "DANGER ZONE" OF THE NEW SMALL-BUSINESS DEDUCTION The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act introduced a 20% deduction for small business owners. You can read our overview of this deduction in our last quarterly article. The gist of this new deduction is it will allow small-business owners to deduct 20% of their business income from their taxable income on their personal return. While this new deduction provides some welcome relief for small-business owners, there are restrictions on the deduction that highlight how critical proper tax planning is in 2018. If your business qualifies as a “specified service trade or business ” then your deduction will start to be phased out at taxable income of $157,500 ($315,000 if married filing a joint return) and entirely eliminated at taxable income of $207,500 ($415,000 if married filing a joint return). While this means any service business owner with taxable income above $415,000 will receive no benefit from the deduction, the toll is heaviest for any business owner who lands in the middle of the phaseout range. Example: John and Mary own a small consulting business and have taxable income of $315,000. Since they are right at the lower phaseout threshold they will receive the full deduction and their taxable income will be $252,000 ($315,000 x 80%). The tax they will pay on this income is $49,059. Now if their taxable income increases by $100,000 they will be completely phased out of the deduction and their taxable income will jump from $252,000 to $415,000, increasing their tax bill to $96,629. That is $47,500 in federal taxes alone on $100,000 of income. With what is effectively a marginal tax rate of 48%, small-business owners with taxable income between $315,000 and $415,000 are paying a higher tax rate than any other taxpayer! To avoid this heavy tax burden, proper tax planning is critical to reduce your taxable income and stay out of this “danger zone” of high taxes. Strategies to Reduce Your Taxable Income Contribute to a retirement plan. As a small-business owner, you have several options to save for retirement while simultaneously avoiding the heavy tax burden of this phaseout range. By setting up a SEP IRA you can contribute up to $55,000 per year (subject to earned income limitations). A SEP IRA is a simple way to defer significant income for retirement and works best when you are the sole employee. If you have other employees in your business, be aware that you will need to contribute an equal percentage of wages for each eligible employee. Make the most of your medical expenses Take advantage of the deduction for self-employed health insurance premiums . Unless you or your spouse are eligible to receive subsidized health insurance through your employer, you can reduce your taxable income by paying your health insurance premiums through your business. Set up a Health Savings Account . If you have a High-Deductible Health Plan then you can contribute up to $6,900 per year to save for future medical costs. Your contributions will lower your taxable income in the year they are made, and as long as your distributions are for qualified medical expenses they will be tax-free. Increase your charitable donations. If you find yourself in the middle of this phaseout range after an exceptionally successful business year, then you may already be considering increased charitable donations. With the large tax burden you could be facing in this phaseout range, the tax deduction from your donations will be more valuable than ever. These are just a few of the options available to you to lower your taxable income and avoid this danger zone of high taxes. Even if you don’t expect your income to reach the phaseout level for the new deduction, you can still realize significant tax savings by taking advantage of these strategies to lower your taxable income. Previous Article Next Article

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SMALL BUSINESS TIPS Quarterly: Oct 17 Deducting Your Business Travel If you travel as part of your business or you have employees who travel you have several options for how you deduct those travel expenses. Typically you can either track and deduct the actual cost of travel or you can use standard allowance amounts provided by the IRS to simplify the record-keeping requirements. If you choose to use standard allowance amounts to deduct your travel expenses it is important to keep up-to-date on what the allowance rates are as they are typically updated on an annual basis. Vehicle Expenses If you use your personal vehicle for business-related travel you can deduct either a portion of your actual vehicle expenses or a standard rate per mile driven. Actual vehicle expenses would include gas, insurance, repairs and depreciation on the cost of the vehicle. For 2022 the standard mileage rate is 58.5 cents per mile, up from 56 cents in 2021. For more information on the vehicle expenses deduction read Deducting the Business Use of Your Vehicle . Meal and Lodging Expenses If you travel overnight for a business-related trip you can deduct your meal and lodging expenses as well as other miscellaneous travel expenses. If you would like to deduct the actual cost of meals, hotel rooms and other miscellaneous expenses you will need to keep copies of receipts for each expense in your records as well as document the business purpose of the trip. If you would prefer not to keep track of each receipt you can instead use the IRS per diem rates to deduct a standard amount for meals and lodging expenses for each day of your trip. You will still need to document the destination, length and business purpose of your trip but will not need to maintain receipts for your expenses. The per diem rates vary depending on your travel destination. You can lookup the rates for your destination at https://www.gsa.gov/travel/plan-book/per-diem-rates . These rates are typically updated every October. The current rates will be effective until September 30, 2022. If you choose to use per diem rates to deduct your business travel, do not have your business directly pay the cost of meals, lodging, etc. Instead, pay for these costs personally and then submit an expense report to your business using the per diem rates and reimburse yourself. If your business is structured as a sole proprietorship, you do not need to reimburse yourself through an expense report. Instead you can simply use the per diem rates to claim a business travel deduction on your tax return at the end of the year. Please note that if your business is a sole proprietorship you can only use the per diem rates for meal expenses, not lodging. Summary Traveling can be expensive. But if you know how to maximize the tax benefits of your business-related travel you can reduce some of that cost. Using the standard mileage and per diem rates can simplify your record-keeping requirements and in many cases can provide a greater tax benefit than deducting your actual costs. To maximize your business-travel deductions read How to Deduct Your Vacation Travel as a Business Expense . Schedule Your Tax-Planning Call Previous Article