Quarterly: Oct 17 Overcoming Our Cognitive Biases We started a series on decision-making back in June when we introduced the concept of Level 1 and Level 2 thinking from Daniel Kahneman’s book “Thinking Fast and Slow.” The main goal of the series (Better Thinking... , ...Better Decisions , The Fallacy of the Formula ) was to explore how cognitive biases are formed and how they influence our decision-making. The challenge with our cognitive biases is that they tend to influence us most at the extreme ends of the spectrum. And it’s at these extreme ends of the spectrum where we may need to ignore them the most, because all risky asset classes will experience long periods of underperformance. The S&P 500 Index has experienced three separate periods where it underperformed riskless one-month Treasury bills for more than a dozen years (1929-1943, 1966-1982, and 2000-2012). Any student of the market knows that longer periods of underperformance by risky assets are a necessity. If these periods never occurred, there would be no risk, and the risk premium would disappear. The periods of underperformance essentially create the equity risk premium that investors capture when they choose to take on the random and unpredictable risk of the equity markets. If The Markets Are Random and Unpredictable, How Should That Impact Our Decision-Making? Mean reversion is the theory that security prices return to their long-term averages over time. In every asset class, from bonds to stock to commodities, buying what is cheap leads to better outcomes because expensive stocks revert down to their mean over time while cheap stocks revert up to their mean over time. Unfortunately, that truth only holds up over longer periods of time. Expensive stocks can get more expensive in the short-term while cheap stocks can get even cheaper. Using the CAPE Ratio (the Cyclically Adjusted PE ratio from Robert Shiller) for the S&P 500, we can look back at periods of time when assets were expensive and times when assets were cheap. Source: Macrotrends, Multiple.com and Telos Asset Management Company The CAPE ratio is a valuation measure that uses real earnings per share (EPS) over a 10-year period to smooth out fluctuations in corporate profits that occur over different periods of a business cycle. The ratio is generally applied to broad equity indices to assess whether the market is undervalued or overvalued. Source: Macrotrends, Multiple.com and Telos Asset Management Company By inverting the CAPE ratio chart we can observe the direct relationship between price and future returns. The following chart lines up the annualized 10-year forward returns of the S&P 500 with the CAPE ratio at the start of the period. When the blue line is high, stocks are theoretically undervalued and their future return potential is high. When the blue line is low, stocks are theoretically expensive, and the potential for future returns is muted. Source: Macrotrends, Multiple.com and Telos Asset Management Company While these charts clearly prove that price matters, they do not address the value premium (the advantages of buying cheap stocks over expensive stocks). And unfortunately, there is little evidence that investors can accurately time the value premium or when the mean reversion will take place. That’s where patience and discipline come in. And How Do We Overcome Our Cognitive Biases? The key to overcoming our cognitive biases is to override them with a process that systematically allocates based on math and sound logic rather than human judgement. Process-driven investing is nothing more than a long-term approach to putting capital at risk by owning a broad variety of asset classes, making periodic contributions and regularly rebalancing. The challenge with process-driven investing is that it requires an investor to focus on the investment process and not the short-term results. That can be extremely difficult when the short-term results don’t coincide with the long-range return objectives. Over the long term, however, overcoming our cognitive biases with a good process should deliver more reliable outcomes with better results.

No events at the moment 2020 Strategies for a Lifetime of Tax Savings Join us as we share a clear durable plan of action that cohesively addresses each area of your financial life to: Maximize the productivity of your assets and improve your retirement income stream Minimize the drag from your long-term tax liabilities Potential for over $350,000 in lifetime savings on a $500K retirement portfolio Potential for over $2M in lifetimes savings on a $5M retirement portfolio Minimize the risk of rising tax rates in retirement Address the risk of low interest rates and stock market corrections in retirement Synchronize your values with your charitable giving desires and your legacy goals Provide a quiet confidence that your financial affairs are arranged to meet your long-term goals Help you live the life you want to life

A 529 college savings plan or a Roth IRA can help you realize tax-free earnings to fund your child's college education. Save as PDF Read more articles Share 1 2 HOW TO SAVE HOW TO SAVE FOR YOUR CHILD'S COLLEGE EDUCATION The cost of a college education is rising by three to four percent a year, so it is never too early to start saving for your child’s future college tuition. Before you start saving however, make sure to consider the options that will maximize your savings while minimizing your tax burden. 529 Plans A 529 plan allows you to contribute to a tax-advantaged account in order to fund college tuition. While contributions to a 529 plan do not provide a federal tax deduction, you may qualify for a deduction on your state tax return for your contributions. Additionally, you can pull out your contributions and earnings from the account tax free when you use them for qualified education expenses. Qualified education expenses include tuition, fees, books, supplies, and equipment required for enrollment. If your child is enrolled at least half-time (6 or more credit hours per semester), room and board are also considered to be qualified expenses. 529 plans come in two varieties: Prepaid tuition plans and college savings plans. Prepaid Tuition Plan With a prepaid tuition plan you can pay for your child’s tuition ahead of time, based on the current rates. For example, if your child is 8 and one year of qualifying college tuition is $10,000 today, you can contribute $10,000 to the fund today and your child’s first year of tuition will be fully covered when they start college in ten years - regardless of the cost of tuition at that time. You are not required to prepay a full year at once, you can pay into the fund over multiple years but each year the required amount will increase. With a prepaid tuition program, you do not need to worry about how well the fund is performing, or about tuition costs. The fund bears the risk, not you. College Savings Plan A college savings plan operates more like a traditional investment account such as an IRA or 401K. You contribute funds to the plan that grow over the years until you are ready to withdraw them to cover education expenses. While a college savings plan does not provide the same guarantee as a prepaid tuition plan, it provides more flexibility on how the funds are used. It also has the potential to provide a greater return on investment than the prepaid tuition plan where earnings of the account will be no greater than the rise in tuition cost. Roth IRA as a Last Resort If your child is about to enter college and you do not have a 529 plan in place to cover the tuition, you can pull funds from your Roth IRA without incurring the early penalties and taxes that you would normally face when taking early distributions. We caution against using a Roth IRA to cover your child’s college expenses, because the Roth IRA is one of your best retirement tools. It is however a valid option. If you choose to tap into your Roth IRA to cover education expenses you need to meet two requirements to avoid taxes on the distributions: Wait Five Years: You need to wait at least five years after first funding your Roth IRA before you withdraw any of the earnings of the account. Qualified Expenses: You must use the entire distribution for qualified education expenses. Be sure that you do not take out more than what is needed to cover these qualified expenses. Failure to meet these two requirements will result in you paying the normal tax rate on the earnings of your account, effectively eliminating the tax benefit of your Roth account. Additionally, you will pay a 10% early withdrawal penalty on any distributions that don’t meet these requirements. Takeaway A 529 plan provides a tax-efficient way to save for your child’s college education. A Roth IRA can also provide tax-efficient savings for education, but your goal should be to not touch your Roth until you retire. You should consider all the options with the following priorities: In an ideal world, you would first max out your Roth IRA contribution of $5,500 per year (if you are married your spouse can contribute another $5,500 per year to their Roth). You would then contribute to a 529 college savings or prepaid tuition plan. (You should not contribute to a 529 plan if you have not already maxed out your Roth IRA as the 529 Plan creates more restrictions). If you cannot contribute to a Roth IRA due to income limitations, you can still contribute to a 529 plan. Be sure to reach out to Monotelo if there are any questions about how to fund your children’s college education or the tax implications of an existing account. We are here to help you keep more of what you earn. Read more articles Share Failing to order your affairs to minimize your tax burden could cost you significant money - so don't wait to take action. If you have additional questions or need some planning help, please reach out to us.

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TO BE AWARE OF UNDER THE 2018 TAX REFORM At the end of last year President Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act into law, signaling the largest tax reform in over three decades. We have received a lot of questions recently on how this law will affect our clients. With the tax season now behind us it is time to address how these changes will impact you in 2018. There are many aspects to this law and there is no "one size fits all" explanation for how it will impact our clients. Some of our clients will win and some of them will lose under the new law. With that in mind we have outlined the five changes that we believe are most relevant to you. Personal exemptions historically represented a $4,000 reduction in taxable income for each dependent listed on the tax return. Under the new law these exemptions have been eliminated. However, to help mitigate the loss of these exemptions, the law also made changes to the child tax credit and has added a new credit for non-child dependents. Starting in 2018 the Child Tax Credit has been doubled to $2,000 per child, $1,400 of which is refundable. The phaseout threshold for the Child Tax Credit has also been drastically increased to $200,000 for single filers and $400,000 for joint filers. This means that most taxpayers who were previously prevented from claiming the full Child Tax Credit will now be able to claim the entire credit. Additionally, the law has introduced a new $500 credit for any dependents who are over the age of 17, allowing parents to continue to receive a tax benefit for children in college or other adults residing in their home. SUMMARY There are many moving parts in the new tax law, with a lot of them working to balance one another out. Some of our clients will see a decrease in their tax bill while others will see it increase. Overall, we do not expect any of our clients to see drastic changes, good or bad, with the new code. We expect the majority of our clients to see an increase or decrease in their tax bill of less than $1,000. If you would like to know how the tax reform will directly impact you, please call our office. Read more articles Share Tax Brackets The number of brackets remains at seven. And the percentage charged at each of these brackets has been reduced, with the notable exception of the lowest bracket of 10% which remains unchanged. The majority of our clients who were previously in the 15% or 25% tax bracket will now find themselves in the 12% or 22% bracket respectively. You may have already noticed the impact of these new brackets when your employer adjusted your withholdings earlier in the year, increasing your take home pay. UNREIMBURSED EMPLOYEE EXPENSES The change that could have the greatest impact on our public servant clients is the elimination of the deduction for unreimbursed employee expenses. As the law currently stands, employees will no longer be able to deduct their union dues, work uniforms, tools, or any other expenses related to their employment. The only exception to this is the special $250 allowance for teacher's expenses which remains unaffected. There is currently a bill in congress which seeks to reinstate the deduction for unreimbursed expenses. The "Tax Fairness for Workers Act" would not only bring back the itemized deduction for employee expenses but would go a step further and allow for specific deductions to be taken above-the-line, meaning they would not be subject to many of the limitations that currently restrict their use. It remains to be seen how far this bill will go but we strongly recommend that you keep track of your job expenses until a decision is reached. If the bill passes, this will cause job related expenses to have a greater impact on your tax return. ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS AND THE STANDARD DEDUCTION One of the most promoted aspects of the new tax law is the nearly doubling of the standard deduction to $12,000 for single, $18,000 for head of household, and $24,000 for joint filers. While the standard deduction amounts are receiving significant increases, many of the allowed itemized deductions are either being handicapped or removed entirely: The deductions for state and local income taxes as well as property taxes are capped at a combined total of $10,000. This means that homeowners in high income-tax states are likely to lose a portion of this former deduction. The deduction for home mortgage interest remains but is limited to mortgages that do not exceed $750,00, down from the previous threshold of $1,000,000. All miscellaneous itemized deductions (including tax preparation fees, casualty losses and all unreimbursed employee expenses) have been eliminated entirely. The increased standard deduction amounts combined with the additional restrictions on itemized deductions increases the chances of the standard deduction being more beneficial than itemizing deductions in 2018. 1 ABOVE THE LINE DEDUCTIONS Above-the-line deductions are more beneficial than itemized deductions as they have far fewer restrictions. The new tax law retains many of these deductions including educator expenses, student loan interest, and contributions to Health Savings Accounts. Two deductions that have been changed are expenses for a job-related move, and alimony payments. Starting in 2018 expenses for a job-related move will only be deductible by active members of the military. Starting in 2019 alimony payments will no longer be deductible. However, this will only apply to divorce agreements settled after the start of 2019. This means that alimony payments from divorce agreements that were already in place prior to 2019 will continue to be deductible. FIVE CHANGES 3 PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS AND THE CHILD TAX CREDIT 2 4 5 At Monotelo, we exist to make a difference with meaningful and actionable financial solutions that positively impact our client's lives. If you have questions about what steps you can be taking to prepare for your retirement years, call us at 800-961-0298

Simplify Your Crypto Tax Filing Expert Help for Crypto Investors Frequently asked questions: 1. Do I need to report crypto transactions on my taxes? Yes, the IRS requires reporting of crypto transactions, including trades, staking, mining, and airdrops. 2. What happens if I don’t report my crypto activity? Failure to report can lead to penalties, interest, or audits from the IRS. 3. How does your service work? We simplify the process by consolidating your data, calculating your gains/losses, and ensuring IRS compliance. 4. What types of crypto activities do you handle? We cover trading, staking, mining, airdrops, DeFi, NFTs, and more. 5. Do you work with international exchanges? Yes, as long as you receive a correct 1099 from your exchange, we should be able to handle transactions from all major global exchanges. 6. How do I upload my crypto data? Download the full 1099 form from your exchange API or CSV file and upload to your secure portal. 7. What if I’ve lost transaction records? We can help estimate and reconcile missing data to the best extent possible. 8. What is cost basis, and why is it important? Cost basis is the original value of your asset. It determines your taxable gain or loss when you sell. 9. Are your services compliant with IRS regulations? Yes, we stay updated on all crypto tax rules and ensure accurate, compliant filings. 10. Can you handle high-volume trading accounts? Yes, we specialize in managing data for frequent traders. Pricing and Support 11. How much does your service cost? Our pricing is based on the complexity and number of transactions. See website for pricing or contact us for a quote. 12. What if I have questions during the process? Our team is available for support via phone, chat, or email. 13. Is my data secure with your service? Absolutely. We use bank-grade encryption to protect your information. 14. Do you offer a satisfaction guarantee? Yes, we stand by our service with a full guarantee that your return will be filed in compliance with IRS regulations, as long as we have 100% of your required tax documents. 15. When are taxes due for crypto transactions? The tax deadline is typically April 15th. Extensions may apply in certain cases. 16. Can you amend previous tax returns with crypto activity? Yes, we can assist in filing amended returns if needed. 17. Do I need to submit a copy of last year’s tax return? It is not required, but we strongly recommend that your provide last year’s tax return to us. Next Get Started Today! © 2025 by Monotelo Inc. info@monotelo.com 800-961-0298

Set up user access in Chase Bank for accountant view-only access: 1. Navigate to the account management section after logging in to your Chase Bank account. 2. From there, select the "Access and Security Manager" option. 3. Next, choose "Add Authorized User." 4. You will then be prompted to input the necessary information for the new user. Enter the first and last name of your Monotelo accountant, as well as the email address and phone number. First & Last Name: John Smith Email: john@monotelo.com Phone number: 800-961-0298 5. Then, on the next page, select only limited access, remove travel, and full access. Hit submit. 6. You can select the appropriate permissions for the new user. In this case, your Monotelo accountant only needs to see activity and check images, documents, and statements. 7. After you select the appropriate permissions, you should review and confirm the information entered and then submit the request. 8. Chase Bank will then email your accountant at the provided email address with instructions on accessing your account at Chase. 9. Your accountant should check their email for the invitation and follow the instructions to accept it. The invitation may expire after 24 hours, so your accountant should accept it immediately. 10. Once your accountant has accepted the invitation and set up their login credentials, they can access your account with view-only access. Congratulations! You have successfully set up user access in Chase Bank for your accountant with view-only access.

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One step away to save on your taxes. Schedule a quick 10-minute, no-obligation consultation. INTRODUCTION Realtor Sam, while a real person, is not the actual name of this real estate agent. We have changed the name to protect the innocent! The Realtor Sam case is a case we examined in 2015, which had similarities to cases that had come across our desk in the past. Realtor Sam had been in the real estate business for nearly twenty years. He was not only selling real estate, he also owned several residential properties that were generating significant cash flow and taxable income. Realtor Sam had incorporated his commission-based business as a C-Corp ten years prior to our interaction with him. Apart from a bad year in 2013, his gross commissions were generally around ninety-five thousand dollars per year and his commission-based business was generating around forty-thousand per year in free cash flow after all his expenses were paid. What made Realtor Sam’s case unique was the fact that his investment properties were generating significantly more income than his commission-based business. THE CHALLENGE By incorporating his commission-based business, Realtor Sam had taken the first step towards a tax-efficient business structure. However, there were additional steps he should have taken when he first set up his business ten years earlier. Because of the way Realtor Sam had structured his compensation from his C-Corporation for his commission-based income, he was regularly generating losses on his corporate tax returns. Worse, because he was set up as a C-Corporation, those losses could not be used to offset the income he was generating from his rental properties. These issues were causing Realtor Sam to significantly overpay on his tax returns every year. THE SOLUTION Fortunately, we were able to put a plan together for Realtor Sam to help get him back on track. Our first goal was to take advantage of the accumulated losses on his corporate tax return. To accomplish this, we made some adjustments to how he was compensating himself through the business. Our second goal was to help him efficiently pull profits out of his business by taking advantage of some provisions in the Internal Revenue Code that were available to him as an officer of a corporation. These changes reduced his tax bill in the first year by $9,000 and by $5,500 in each of the subsequent years. These results were beyond what we had expected, and beyond what we generally see for someone with Realtor Sam’s taxable income, but they do demonstrate what can happen when we apply a deep understanding of the tax code as it relates to real-estate centered businesses. At Monotelo our focus is more than tax preparation, it is to make a difference with actionable and meaningful financial solutions that positively impact our clients’ lives. Save as PDF

Bitcoin - Caveat Emptor or Ship It In? This presentation is for informational and educational purposes only. This content should not be construed as financial or legal advice, and should not be interpreted as a recommendation to purchase Bitcoin or any other type of Crypto Assets. Investors thinking of investing in Crytpo Assets should be prepared to lose 100% of their investment. Any investment in Bitcoin or other Crypto Assets is a highly speculative investment, and should not be made with money the investor cannot afford to lose. The content of this presentation is not intended to create a financial advisor-client relationship. We strongly recommend you seek advice from a professional advisor before making any investment decisions, as investing involves risk. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results, nor is it indicative of future performance. Schedule Your Integrated Wealth Management Discovery Call

Quarterly: Oct 17 Better Thinking... The world is complex, and it can tax our mental resources to process all the information that is coming our way. To keep up with all the data that our minds are processing, we come up with time-saving (and energy saving) rules of thumb, called heuristics. We may be applying these heuristics unconsciously, and they don’t even need to be rational. We simply need to believe them. In Thinking, Fast and Slow, Nobel Prize winner and author Daniel Kahneman breaks down our decision-making process into two systems. To keep things simple he describes them as “System 1” and “System 2.” System 1 is intuitive and emotional. It is fast and easy. “There was a shark attack last week, I am never going to the beach again.” System 2 is deliberative and logical. It is also slow and requires effort. “What are the chances of getting attacked by a shark? Are they higher today than they were last week? Is swimming in the ocean more dangerous than swimming in a community pool?” If I were to ask you “What is 7 times 3?” You could access System 1 and respond immediately with “21.” If I were to ask you “What is 277 times 53?” You could respond with the correct answer, but it would likely require you to tap into System 2 before you answered correctly. System 2 requires a deeper level of thinking, and it requires a near-exclusive devotion to the problem-solving effort. It would be nearly impossible for someone to multiply 277 by 53 in their head while writing out instructions on how to make banana bread - even if they had a great recipe for banana bread stored in their memory. That’s because System 2 thinking requires concentration to solve the problem. The interesting thing about System 2 is that it can morph into System 1 when we spend hundreds or thousands of hours training our mind. Here are two examples: My younger son got his license back in February. When he first started driving, it took all of his concentration to remember where to put his hands on the steering wheel, the rules of the road, and the process of looking ahead, behind and the sides of the road to identify threats. When we first start driving, we go into “System 2” to concentrate on the task at hand. As time goes by, those basic driving and awareness skills become second-nature to us, and driving can move from a System 2 process to a System 1 process. I often listen to podcasts while driving on the interstate. I can do this because System 1 takes over, and driving is second-nature . Another example of this would be Garry Kasparov, who retired from professional chess after being ranked as the world’s top chess player for 20 years. If Gary were to come and play 10 amateur chess players, he could play them all at the same time. We could line them up and Gary could could move from player to player, knowing immediately what his next move would be. The next move on a chess board is second nature for Gary because he has played thousands of games. He knows the implications of moving the rook or moving the queen. He doesn’t need to access System 2 to beat an inexperienced player. The challenge with our System 1 and System 2 thinking is when we "think" we are an expert, or we have a life experience that impacts us. This perception of “expertise” or the impact of life experience can shape our decision-making process in an equally profound way – to our benefit and to our detriment. That’s because these experiences build the heuristics that we use as short-cuts to make decisions, and some of these heuristics are helpful, but some are not. So how do we distinguish between the two? Understanding how System 1 and System 2 work together is critical because we cannot always trust our System 1 intuitions. And a big part of our challenge is that System 1 is so much easier to operate from, because we have all the data to reinforce our personal biases. How do we determine which of these short-cuts lead to better outcomes? Over the next few weeks we will explore how to limit the downside of our System 1/System 2 thinking and how to use these two systems to make better investment decisions. Read Part Two: "...Better Decisions"