SMALL BUSINESS TIPS Quarterly: Oct 17 Putting Your Self-Employment Income Away for Retirement If you are self-employed or own a small business you have the potential to put up to $61,000 per year towards your retirement by setting up a solo 401(k) ($67,500 per year if you are over 50). Of that $61,000 you can put $20,500 into a Roth 401(k) where all of your distributions will be tax-free at retirement. ​ The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act has created a unique opportunity to maximize your retirement cash-flow by utilizing our current low tax rates to save in an individual Roth 401(k) account where your funds will never be taxed again. ​ Before we get into the gritty details of the solo 401(k), be aware that the rules governing these accounts are a bit complex. If you are interested in setting up a solo 401(k) please reach out to us and we will help you determine if you qualify for one and how much you can contribute on an annual basis. ​ Qualifications To qualify for a solo 401(k) you need to operate either a sole-proprietorship or an incorporated business and have no full-time employees other than your spouse. A full-time employee refers to any employee over 21 years of age who works 1,000 hours or more annually. You can utilize the solo 401(k) if you have part-time employees or independent contractors. ​ One advantage of the solo 401(k) over a traditional 401(k) is that as the business owner you are considered both the employer and the employee. This allows you to make employer contributions to your account on top of your traditional deferrals or Roth contributions. The employer contributions cannot be made to a Roth account. They must be made to the traditional 401(k), so they will be tax-deferred when they are made and taxable when you withdraw them in retirement. ​ Contribution Limits Employee Contribution Limits: As the employee of your business you can contribute up to $20,500 ($27,000 if you are over 50) or 100% of your “earned income,” whichever is less. If you are a sole-proprietorship or a single-member LLC your “earned income” is the net profit of your business after deducting your business expenses. If your business is a C-Corp or S-Corp your “earned income” would be the amount of your W2 wages. ​ Employer Contribution Limits: As the employer you can also contribute an additional 25% of your adjusted earned income. If you are a sole-proprietorship or a single-member LLC the formula to calculate your allowed employer contributions is a bit more complicated but works out to roughly 18.5% of your net profits. If your business is a C-Corp or S-Corp your allowed employer contributions are 25% of your W2 wages. Combined Annual Limits: For 2022 the combined limit on employee and employer contributions is $61,000 ($67,500 if you are over age 50). This means if you contribute the full $20,500 as an employee the most you can contribute as the employer for 2022 is $40,500 regardless of how much earned income you have. Summary With the potential to put away up to $67,500 per year towards your retirement, the solo 401(k) is a powerful tool to help you prepare for your future. While 401(k) plans have historically been very costly to set up and maintain, increased popularity has significantly reduced the administration costs in recent years. If you are interested in setting up a solo 401(k) for your business, we would be happy to direct you on how to get started. Previous Article Next Article

YEAR-END TAX PLANNING STRATEGIES With the House and the Senate both passing their own versions of tax reform, there is a reasonably high probability that the United States will see a dramatic shift in tax policy in 2018. While no one knows what will be included in the final bill, there is an equally high probability that next year's tax rates will be marginally lower for most tax payers. ​ With that thought in mind, we break down our year-end tax planning strategies into three main categories: ​ Acceleration of deductions into 2017 Shifting of income to 2018 Best Practices ACCELERATION OF DEDUCTIONS Accelerating your deductions in 2017 could make sense for two reasons: Tax brackets may be lower in 2018 than in 2017 (hence the deductions could become more valuable in 2017 than in 2018) Itemized deductions may get phased out in 2018 Four ways to accelerate your deductions in 2017: ​ If you are not at risk of paying the AMT (the alternative minimum tax), consider paying your 2018 property tax bill in 2017. Consider moving up medical procedures into 2017 that have significant out-of-pocket expenses. If you are planning to make significant contributions to your church or a 501c(3) organization, consider making the gift in 2017 rather than 2018. If you are a small business owner, consider making your 2018 purchases this year. This could include new and used personal property such as equipment, computers, desks, chairs, etc. Just be sure that these items are purchased and put in service by the end of the year. 1 Don't forget to review your portfolio gains and losses for tax-harvesting opportunities. SHIFTING INCOME TO 2018 IF YOU HAVE THE ABILITY TO MOVE INCOME TO 2018, THIS COULD BE A GOOD YEAR TO DO IT! ​ If you are self-employed, one simple way to do this is to wait to bill your customers until after January 1st. Small business owners on a cash-basis can also prepay and deduct qualifying expenses up to 12 months in advance. This could include: ​ Lease payments on business vehicles Rent payments on a commercial property lease Insurance premiums ​ ​ If you are not self-employed, you can do the same thing if you have the ability to move a year-end bonus into January. ​ 401K contributions - if you do not max out your 401K each year, consider making both 2017 and 2018 retirement contributions in 2017. While this may create a challenging cash-flow situation, it may be worth the effort as the deferral could become more valuable in 2017. Distributions from retirement plans - 2017 could be the year to take the minimum required distribution from your IRA. Consider waiting to 2018 to take additional distributions. Roth conversion: 2017 could end up being a bad year to do Roth conversions. Consider re-characterizing your Roth conversion if the underlying assets performed poorly or wait until 2018 to do the conversion. Save as PDF Read more articles Share BEST PRACTICES Make sure you are contributing to your company 401k if your employer matches your contribution If you are not self-employed, make sure you are using the right plans for additional savings, whether an IRA, a Roth IRA, a non-deductible, or some other deferral option, such as annuities, cash-value life insurance and tax-efficient investments If you are self-employed, make sure you are maximizing your retirement savings opportunities using the optimal plan design; and don't overlook the opportunities to defer up to $100,000 in a Defined Benefit/401(k) combo Be methodical about gifting, and find tax-efficient methods of helping family members. This can include: Charitable gifting: Outright gifts to charities​ Gifts to family: Annual exclusion usage, outright gifts, gifts to a trust for the benefit of a family member. Educational savings: Tax-efficient vehicles include 529 plans Coverdell savings accounts and education IRAs. 3 2 There is little risk to implementing these tax maneuvers, and there is additional upside to you, the tax payer if there are changes to the tax code. Failing to tax plan in 2017 could cost you significant money - so don't wait to set your plan in motion! If you have additional questions or need some planning help, please reach out to us at 800-961-0298

October 2018 MONOTELO QUARTERLY Quarterly: Oct 17 HOW TO DEDUCT YOUR VACATION TRAVEL AS A BUSINESS EXPENSE Taking a vacation can be expensive, so naturally the idea of deducting your vacation expenses on your tax return is an appealing idea. However, before you get carried away planning a lavish vacation with the hopes of writing off the entire cost, make sure to familiarize yourself with the requirements to qualify your expenses as business travel. To qualify for a tax deduction the trip needs to serve a legitimate business purpose. Handing out business cards on the beach does not count. There are 5 criteria your trip must meet to be a qualified business expense: Profit motive. The trip must serve a legitimate profit motive. This means that you can reasonably expect the trip to create profit either now or at some point in the future. Stay overnight . You can only deduct meal and lodging expenses when you are away from home overnight. “Rational Businessperson” test. Your trip will only qualify as a business expense if the business motive is strong enough that a rational businessperson would make the trip if business was the only motive. Primary purpose test. You can only deduct your travel expenses when your trip is primarily for business. This is determined by calculating the number of business days vs personal days of the trip. This may sound like a deal breaker, but it is easier to meet this requirement than you think. Maintain good records. If you do not properly document the business purpose of your trip, your travel expenses, or your actual business activities on the trip you will risk losing your entire deduction. ​ Your trip expenses can be broken down into two general categories with different requirements to be deductible: Transportation Expenses Transportation costs include airfare, train tickets, or the cost of a rental car to get to your destination. These expenses are all-or-nothing, if the majority of your trip days are business days you can deduct all of your transportation costs. If the majority of your trip days are personal you cannot deduct any of these costs. Life Expenses Life expenses include your daily meals and lodging. Unlike transportation expenses you do not need to meet the majority of business days threshold to take life expenses. Instead you simply take the life expenses for each business day of the trip. What Counts as a Business Day? It may be easier than you think to qualify most of your trip as business days. Each day of the trip only needs to meet one of these criteria to qualify as a business day: ​ Work more than four hours. You have a workday when you spend more than half of normal work hours pursuing business. Since a normal workday is eight hours you only need to work for more than four. Presence-required day. If you are required to be at a destination on a specific day for a legitimate business purpose. For example, if you have a meeting with a client in another city on Tuesday, then Tuesday qualifies as a business day even if that is your only business activity for that day. Travel day. Days you spend traveling to or from your business destination count as business days as long as you are traveling in a reasonably direct route. Weekends and holidays. If a weekend or holiday falls in between two business days you can count those days as business days as long as it would not be practical to return home in between the two business days. If you live in California and have meetings in New York on Friday and Monday, it would not be practical to return to California for the weekend. Therefore, all four days count as business days. Saved-money-on-travel days. If you arrive at a destination a day early or leave a day late in order to save on your travel expenses you can count the extra day as a business expense as it served a legitimate business purpose of reducing your travel costs. ​ Summary The rules governing business travel allow for some freedom to deduct vacation time as business expenses, but do not provide a blank check to write off an entire vacation simply because you spent a few minutes discussing business. You need to find the right balance between work and relaxation, properly document your work activities, and maintain records of all your expenses. Previous Article

1 2 How likely are you to be selected for an audit? In 2017, the IRS audited just 0.60% of individual tax returns. Most of these returns were filed by mail as opposed to electronically, thus lowering the risk for a typical return to be reviewed for an audit. With that said, there are specific factors that increase the likelihood that your tax return falls into the small percent that receives additional attention from the IRS. One factor that the IRS looks at when deciding who to audit is income. As your income increases so does the chance that the IRS will select your return for further examination. You are also at greater risk of an audit if you operate a small business and report your income on Schedule C. In 2017 taxpayers who filed a Schedule C were twice as likely to be audited than those who did not. ​ We have identified 10 factors that can lead to unwanted attention from the IRS on your 2018 tax return. Some of these red flags can be avoided by filing a complete and accurate return, while others simply require proper record keeping to quickly shutdown any IRS inquiries. ​ 1. Failing to report all taxable income. The IRS receives a copy of all of your W2's and 1099's each year. One of the quickest ways to get their attention is to fail to report some of this income. ​ 2. Deducting "hobby" losses. The IRS is wary of taxpayers who take up a hobby and then report it as a business to deduct their expenses. If your business shows losses multiple years in a row the IRS will begin to question if you are actually operating a business or merely deducting your hobby expenses. ​ 3. Large charitable donations. The IRS knows how much the average taxpayer with your income gives to charity. If you make large charitable donations every year it is important to keep records of those donations. ​ 4. Claiming rental property losses. It is not uncommon for a rental property to show a loss on your tax return. In order to deduct these losses on your return you need to "actively participate" in the rental activity. This is not a difficult threshold to meet, it simply requires that you are involved in making management decisions for the property. But if you show large losses, or if you have significant income from other sources the IRS may question if you are actively involved in the rental property. Keeping records of any meetings for, or trips to, the property can help demonstrate your participation. ​ 5. Taking an Alimony Deduction. Alimony payments can be a significant financial burden, so you want to make sure you are able to offset that cost by deducting your payments from your taxable income. Large deductions for alimony payments can catch the IRS' attention, particularly when the payer claims a deduction but the recipient does not report the income. Before taking a deduction for alimony, be sure that your divorce agreement clearly identifies the payments as alimony or spousal maintenance. Child support payments are not deductible. ​ 6. Failing to report your Health Premium Credit. If your health insurance is provided through the marketplace, you may be receiving subsidies from the government to lower your monthly premium payments. If this is the case you are required to reconcile those subsidies at the end of the year on your tax return by reporting the amounts listed on your form 1095-A. If you do not report the credits received the IRS will reject your return and request that you correct the omission. ​ 7. Taking an early withdrawal from an IRA or 401(k). When you take a withdrawal from an IRA or 401(k) before age 59 1/2 you typically pay a 10% penalty for taking those funds early. There are a number of exceptions that allow you to avoid paying that penalty, such as when using the funds for medical or education expenses. A large number of taxpayers incorrectly claim one of these exceptions when they do not actually qualify. As a result of this taxpayers who claim one of these exceptions on their returns face extra scrutiny from the IRS. If you claim one of these exceptions be sure to keep documentation showing that the funds were used for a qualified purpose. ​ 8. Claiming large gambling losses. If you win the lottery or have a good day at the casino you are required to report your winnings on your tax return. The IRS allows you to offset some of the tax liability of that income by deducting your gambling losses, up to the amount of your winnings. If those losses are too high the IRS may challenge the amount you claim on your return. To prevent the loss of your deduction be sure to get a statement from the casino showing your total losses or keep track of your lottery ticket purchases. ​ 9. Deducting business meals or travel. If you operate a small business and file a Schedule C then the IRS will pay special attention to your deductions for business meals or travel. If these expenses seem large relative to your industry or revenue, the IRS could mark your return for an audit. The key to protecting your deductions is to properly document the business purpose of each meeting or trip, and keep receipts for any expenses over $75. ​ 10. Claiming 100% business use of a vehicle. If you deduct the full purchase price of your vehicle as a business expense and you do not have a second vehicle available for personal use you are putting yourself at extra risk for an audit. To secure your deduction you should keep accurate mileage logs to demonstrate the business use of your vehicle. ​ ​ Summary The chances of an IRS audit are small, but various factors can increase the likelihood that your return is selected for review. While you can eliminate some of these factors by filing a complete and accurate return, you can never be sure that your return will not be audited. Understanding the necessary record keeping requirements can make a large difference in the outcome of an audit should you face one. Read more articles WHAT TRIGGERS THE IRS 10 Red Flags that Could Signal an Audit Failing to order your affairs to minimize your tax burden could cost you significant money - so don't wait to take action. If you have additional questions or need some planning help, please reach out to us.

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How to Save for Your Child Education Year-end Review of Your Retirement Accounts Will VS Trust: Which is Right for You Beware of Hedge Fund Managers Bearing Gifts The Fallacy of the Formula Five Things That Every IRA Owner Should Know Roth vs Traditional IRA: Which One Is Right For You Six Myths About Health Savings Account RETIREMENT ARTICLES Avoid the Hidden Traps of Retirement Plan Loans 5 Things You Can Do Right Now to Help Improve Your Retirement Years Financial Planning & Long-Term Tax Reduction in Light of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Profiting From the Failure of Active Managers Overcoming Our Cognitive Biases Our Planning Process We are always researching for tax tips and strategies that our clients can implement to lower their tax liability and improve their financial position. See below for a few simple tips that can be applied to your individual situation. Avoiding the 10% Threshold for Medical Expenses

Quarterly: Oct 17 Financial Planning & Long-Term Tax Reduction in Light of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) that was signed into law in December of 2017 has created a unique and time-sensitive retirement planning opportunity that will sunset in 2025. ​ Representing the most significant tax code overhaul the United States has seen in over three decades, the Tax Cuts and Jobs act brings the US into one of the lowest combined marginal tax rate environments this country has experienced since the late 1980’s. ​ The chart below displays the highest and lowest historical marginal tax brackets in the United States. With the lowest marginal tax bracket as high as 25%, and the highest marginal tax bracket as high as 95%, today’s tax brackets are some of the lowest on record. The challenge with our low current tax rates is that Congress failed to curb spending, and our national debt is now growing at an accelerating pace. These two things: low tax rates and an accelerating national debt, are not sustainable long-term. With the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act scheduled to sunset at the end of 2025, some families will see their marginal tax bracket rise by as much as 9%. ​ This short window, however, creates a unique opportunity to take advantage of our current tax rates and convert pre-tax retirement assets to tax-free accounts. Taking advantage of today’s low tax rates and positioning retirement assets in an account that the US government will never tax again can not only dramatically reduce your lifetime tax liability it can also significantly increase your likelihood of a safe and secure retirement. By taking the additional cash flow created from our General Tax Planning and growing the retirement savings in the “Never-To-Be-Taxed-Again Bucket,” we have the potential to dramatically reduce your life-time tax burden, reduce the paralyzing impacts of RMD’s (Required Minimum Distributions) and reduce the taxability of your Social Security Benefits. ​ With the opportunities and challenges of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Monotelo’s unique blend of expertise in tax law, retirement planning and wealth management can be a critical factor in helping you reach your short and long-term goals.

Let us help you plan for retirement. Planning for retirement can be stressful, but it doesn’t have to be when you have a step-by-step process in place to guide you. Schedule An Appointment and get started Want to get started or learn more? Schedule a meeting, over the phone, Zoom or in person. Schedule an Appointment Learn More What We Offer Values-Based Retirement planning When your values are clear, your decisions are easy. That’s why your financial plan needs to start with your values, continue with your life goals, and wrap up with a clearly-defined road map to get you there. Explore how our planning process will provide you with a road map to having all your financial decisions in perfect alignment with your most deeply held values and life goals, by scheduling a no-obligation introductory call. Get Started what we offer Bring Alignment to All Your Financial Decisions When your values are clear, your decisions are easy. Peace of mind begins when you have clarity about your values and goals. Peace of minds arrives when there is complete alignment between your values, your goals, and all your financial decisions. Reduce your lifetime tax liability Health care and taxes are two of the largest expenditures for retirees. You have little control over one, but enormous control over the other. Our planning process will help you reduce your lifetime tax liability so your money is freed up to allocate in ways that bring you the most joy and fulfillment in retirement. Increase the productivity of your assets Having a partner who can come alongside you to help you maximize the productivity of your assets and navigate the changing phases of retirement can empower you to live your best life possible and leave a meaningful legacy to the people and organizations you care about. Peace of mind up to and through retirement Having a comprehensive financial plan in place brings you confidence that all the pieces of the puzzle are working together for your best life possible. Once your personal retirement plan is complete, we will walk with you to implement and monitor your plan. How We Help Get Started Schedule a Meeting and Prepare Your Financial Documents Schedule a meeting for a day and time that work for you. Prepare to spend 90 minutes with us and bring all your financial information to that meeting, including your tax returns, investment statements, mortgage information etc. Your Financial Road Map Meeting The road map process begins with the initial meeting. In this meeting we will help you will identify your most deeply held values and life goals. We spend the time necessary to discover the things that matter most to you so we can bring perfect alignment between your most deeply held values, your life goals and the all your financial decisions. The Plan A comprehensive financial plan is so much more than a risk tolerance survey and an asset allocation model. You plan will start with your values and your goals, and it will be designed to maximize the productivity of your assets so you can live your best life possible and leave the legacy you want to leave to the loved ones and organizations you care about. Relax and Enjoy Peace of Mind After the discovery and values-based planning process is complete, our team of advisors will come alongside you to help you navigate the changing face of retirement. From the savings and accumulation phase, to the distribution and lifestyle phase, to the health care needs and legacy phase, we will monitor your plan to keep up with your changing needs. How The Process Works Get Started Helpful retirement tips and articles. The Inflation Reduction Act Student Loan Forgiveness: Your Questions Answered Are We In a Recession? View More More services from Monotelo Small Business Tax Services We will help you minimize your short-term and lifetime tax liability to free up the cashflow needed to help you grow your business and build for your future. Learn more Year-End T ax Filing Services We will help you minimize your taxable income by capturing the deductions and credits available to maximize your refund. Learn more

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TAX ISSUES LIBRARY TAX CREDITS AND DEDUCTIONS FOR COLLEGE TUITION An overview of the tax credits and deductions available to you for qualified college expenses. Download TAX IMPLICATIONS OF TRANSFERRING A VEHICLE TO YOUR BUSINESS What you should know about deducting vehicle expenses for a personal vehicle vs. a vehicle owned by your corporation Download I’m Ginger Add your content or connect to a database. Adopt Me